Act

Passport Act, 2019

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०७६ BS · 2019 AD
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड १४: परराष्ट्र, शिक्षा तथा खेलकुद · Volume 14: Foreign Affairs, Education and Sports
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • Nepali citizens must carry a valid passport when travelling abroad, except to countries where a treaty with Nepal says none is needed. Passports are issued for the Government of Nepal by the Department of Passports under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, following International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards. There are four types: diplomatic, special (for officials sent abroad by a government body), service (for embassy staff), and ordinary. The Department and Nepali missions abroad may also issue travel documents, seaman's books, temporary passports valid up to nine months, and, in special cases, passports for children of Nepali citizens living abroad.विदेश भ्रमण गर्दा नेपाली नागरिकले बहाल अवधि बाँकी रहेको राहदानी साथमा लिनुपर्छ; नेपालसँगको सन्धिअनुसार राहदानी नचाहिने देशमा भने राहदानीबिना जान सकिन्छ। राहदानी जारी गर्ने अधिकार नेपाल सरकारको हो, र परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयअन्तर्गतको राहदानी विभागले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय नागरिक उड्डयन सङ्गठन (आइकाओ) को मापदण्डअनुसार जारी गर्छ। राहदानी चार प्रकारका छन्: कूटनीतिक, विशेष (सरकारी निकायबाट मनोनीत भई जाने पदाधिकारीका लागि), सेवा (नियोगका कर्मचारीका लागि) र साधारण। विभाग र विदेशस्थित नियोगले यात्रा अनुमतिपत्र, सिम्यान्स पासपोर्ट, बढीमा ९ महिनाको अस्थायी राहदानी, र विशेष अवस्थामा विदेशमा बसेका नेपाली नागरिकका नाबालक सन्तानलाई राहदानी पनि जारी गर्न सक्छन्। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 2–9, pp. 1–3; Sections 17–20, pp. 6–7
  • Applicants apply to the Department, a Nepali mission abroad or another designated office, with a citizenship certificate or national identity card. For children under 16, a parent, guardian or other responsible person applies, unless a court orders otherwise. Diplomatic, special and service passports are free. Holders may voluntarily surrender an ordinary passport. The Department processes applicants' personal details electronically to personalise passports and keeps electronic records, and application documents must be kept securely for 12 years.राहदानी लिन नागरिकता प्रमाणपत्र वा राष्ट्रिय परिचयपत्रसहित राहदानी विभाग, विदेशस्थित नियोग वा तोकिएको निकायमा निवेदन दिनुपर्छ। १६ वर्षभन्दा कम उमेरका नाबालकका लागि बाबु, आमा, संरक्षक वा माथवर व्यक्तिले निवेदन दिनुपर्छ, तर अदालतको आदेश भए त्यसअनुसार राहदानी जारी हुन्छ। कूटनीतिक, विशेष र सेवा राहदानीमा दस्तुर लाग्दैन। साधारण राहदानीवाहकले चाहे राहदानी फिर्ता गर्न सक्छ। विभागले निवेदकको निजी विवरण प्रविधिमार्फत प्रशोधन गरी राहदानी वैयक्तीकरण गर्छ र विद्युतीय अभिलेख राख्छ; निवेदनसँगका कागजात १२ वर्षसम्म सुरक्षित राख्नुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 10–11, pp. 3–4; Sections 25–28, p. 9
  • A passport may be refused or withheld for: people under investigation, on trial, or serving a sentence for passport, immigration, corruption, money-laundering, human-trafficking, kidnapping, drug, arms, organised-crime or terrorism offences, when the investigating officer or court asks; loan defaulters blacklisted by banks; anyone barred from travel by a reasoned government or court order; anyone the issuing office decides to refuse with stated reasons; and people whose current passport still has more than a year to run. A 2082 amendment provides that the passport is issued once a sentence has been served. Refusals and cancellations can be appealed to the High Court of the Department's province within 35 days.राहदानी, अध्यागमन, भ्रष्टाचार, सम्पत्ति शुद्धीकरण, मानव बेचबिखन, अपहरण, लागूऔषध, अवैध हातहतियार, सङ्गठित अपराध वा आतङ्कवादसम्बन्धी कसुरमा अनुसन्धान अधिकारी वा अदालतले लेखी पठाएमा, वा त्यस्तो कसुरमा सजाय भोगिरहेकाको, बैङ्कको कालोसूचीमा परेका ऋणीको, मनासिब कारणसहित सरकार वा अदालतले विदेश जान रोक लगाएकाको, जारी गर्ने निकायले कारण खुलाई निर्णय गरेकाको, र बहाल राहदानीको अवधि एक वर्षभन्दा बढी बाँकी भएकाको राहदानी जारी नगर्न वा रोक्का राख्न सकिन्छ। २०८२ को संशोधनअनुसार सजाय भुक्तान भएपछि राहदानी जारी गरिन्छ। राहदानी जारी नगर्ने वा रद्द गर्ने निर्णयउपर ३५ दिनभित्र विभाग रहेको प्रदेशको उच्च अदालतमा पुनरावेदन दिन सकिन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 12, pp. 4–5; Sections 14–15, pp. 5–6; Section 30, p. 10
  • Getting a passport with false details, travelling abroad without one, using it for another purpose, lending it or using someone else's, altering it, or holding someone else's passport without consent is punishable by a fine of Rs 200,000–500,000 and/or one to three years' prison. Other breaches carry Rs 50,000–100,000 and/or six months to one year. Those who order or incite an offence are punished like the offender, and accomplices get half. The government is plaintiff in these cases.झुटा विवरण दिई राहदानी लिए, राहदानीबिना विदेश गए, राहदानी अर्कै प्रयोजनमा प्रयोग गरे, आफ्नो राहदानी अरूलाई दिए वा अर्काको प्रयोग गरे, फोटो वा विवरण सच्याए, वा अर्काको राहदानी मञ्जुरीबिना राखे दुई लाखदेखि पाँच लाख रुपैयाँसम्म जरिवाना वा एकदेखि तीन वर्षसम्म कैद वा दुवै सजाय हुन्छ। अन्य उल्लङ्घनमा पचास हजारदेखि एक लाख रुपैयाँसम्म जरिवाना वा छ महिनादेखि एक वर्षसम्म कैद वा दुवै हुन्छ। कसुर गर्न आदेश वा दुरुत्साहन दिनेलाई कसुरदारसरह र मतियारलाई आधा सजाय हुन्छ। यस्ता मुद्दामा नेपाल सरकार वादी हुन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 21–22, pp. 7–8; Section 29, p. 9

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Capacity E-passport procurement has cost more than it should. The Department buys e-passport booklets and personalisation from a French company under a US$21.1 million contract signed on 2077/09/06 for 2 million passports. The Auditor General found that the contract pays 98.5 per cent directly to the foreign parent company, withholding only 1.5 per cent advance tax, even though the company has a permanent establishment in Nepal and the Income Tax Act requires 5 per cent. As a result, Rs 295.8 million in tax had not been withheld on Rs 5.92 billion paid up to 2081/82. Because Nepal Rastra Bank bought dollars at payment-date rates rather than when the advance was given, the purchase cost Rs 233.1 million more. The 62nd report also noted 64,438 passports destroyed or cancelled in 2080/81 that the contract required the supplier to replace.विद्युतीय राहदानी खरिदमा हुनुपर्नेभन्दा बढी खर्च लागेको छ। राहदानी विभागले २०७७/०९/०६ मा एक फ्रान्सेली कम्पनीसँग २० लाख विद्युतीय राहदानी छपाइ र वैयक्तीकरणका लागि अमेरिकी डलर २ करोड ११ लाखको सम्झौता गरेको छ। महालेखापरीक्षकका अनुसार कम्पनीको नेपालमा स्थायी संस्थापन रहेकाले आयकर ऐनअनुसार ५ प्रतिशत कर कट्टी गर्नुपर्नेमा सम्झौतामा १.५ प्रतिशत मात्र अग्रिम कर कट्टी गरी ९८.५ प्रतिशत रकम विदेशस्थित मूल कम्पनीलाई सिधै भुक्तानी गर्ने व्यवस्था गरियो। यसरी २०८१/८२ सम्म भुक्तानी भएको रु. ५ अर्ब ९१ करोड ६१ लाखमा रु. २९ करोड ५८ लाख कर कट्टी भएन। पेस्की दिएको मितिमा नभई भुक्तानी गर्दाको विनिमय दरमा राष्ट्र बैङ्कले डलर व्यवस्था गर्दा रु. २३ करोड ३० लाख थप लागत पर्‍यो। ६२औँ प्रतिवेदनले २०८०/८१ मा नष्ट वा रद्द भएका ६४,४३८ राहदानी सम्झौताअनुसार आपूर्तिकर्ताबाट पुनः आपूर्ति गराउनुपर्ने पनि औँल्याएको छ। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd Annual Report, Ministry of Foreign Affairs chapter (Department of Passports), paras 31–31.2, printed pp. 330–331 (PDF pp. 360–361); OAG 63rd Annual Report, same chapter, paras 27–29, printed pp. 287–288 (PDF pp. 319–320); Act ss. 4(3) and 27, pp. 2 and 9

Ideas to fix it

  • Assess the tax due on amounts paid abroad for e-passports. Have Nepal Rastra Bank arrange dollars on the date the advance is given, to reduce exchange risk. Make the supplier replace destroyed or cancelled passports, or deduct their cost from payments.विदेशमा भुक्तानी भएको विद्युतीय राहदानी खरिद रकमको कर निर्धारण गर्ने; पेस्की दिएकै मितिमा राष्ट्र बैङ्कबाट डलर व्यवस्था गरी विनिमय जोखिम घटाउने; र नष्ट वा रद्द भएका राहदानी आपूर्तिकर्ताबाट पुनः आपूर्ति गराउने वा भुक्तानीबाट कट्टी गर्ने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd and 63rd Annual Reports) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.

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