- Type
- Act
- Year
- २०७५ BS · 2019 AD
- Status
- In force
- Category
- खण्ड १४: परराष्ट्र, शिक्षा तथा खेलकुद · Volume 14: Foreign Affairs, Education and Sports
- Official text
- Official page Official text (PDF)
Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.
What does it do?
- The Act creates the Medical Education Commission, an autonomous body that regulates medical teaching institutions and sets national policy and standards for medical education at federal and provincial level, including the common entrance examination and accreditation. The Prime Minister chairs it, the ministers responsible for education and health are co-chairs, and a full-time Vice-Chair is appointed by the government from names put forward by a recommendation committee; members include the National Planning Commission, university vice-chancellors, secretaries, the University Grants Commission and the health professional councils.यो ऐनले चिकित्सा शिक्षा आयोग गठन गरेको छ। आयोग स्वायत्त संस्था हो, जसले चिकित्सा शिक्षण संस्थाको नियमन गर्छ र सङ्घ तथा प्रदेश तहको चिकित्सा शिक्षाका लागि राष्ट्रिय नीति, मापदण्ड, एकीकृत प्रवेश परीक्षा र प्रत्यायनसम्बन्धी नीति तय गर्छ। प्रधानमन्त्री आयोगको अध्यक्ष, शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य हेर्ने मन्त्री सह–अध्यक्ष हुन्छन्, र सिफारिस समितिले सिफारिस गरेकामध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारले पूरा समय काम गर्ने उपाध्यक्ष नियुक्त गर्छ; सदस्यमा राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग, विश्वविद्यालयका उपकुलपति, सचिव, विश्वविद्यालय अनुदान आयोग र स्वास्थ्य व्यवसायी परिषद्हरूका प्रतिनिधि रहन्छन्। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 3–6, pp. 3–5; Sections 22–23, pp. 16–17
- Anyone wanting to open a medical teaching institution must first get a Letter of Intent from the Commission. No programme may start until the institution runs its own teaching hospital of at least 300 beds for medicine or 100 beds for dentistry and nursing. For ten years from the Act's start, no Letter of Intent is to be given for new medical, dental or nursing bachelor's colleges inside Kathmandu Valley. A university may not affiliate more than one medical or dental college in a district unless the Commission finds it justified, and may not affiliate programmes it does not run itself.चिकित्सा शिक्षण संस्था खोल्न चाहनेले पहिले आयोगबाट आशयपत्र लिनुपर्छ। मेडिकलतर्फ कम्तीमा ३०० र डेन्टल तथा नर्सिङतर्फ १०० शय्याको आफ्नै अस्पताल सञ्चालनमा नआएसम्म कार्यक्रम चलाउन पाइँदैन। ऐन प्रारम्भ भएको दस वर्षसम्म काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाभित्र मेडिकल, डेन्टल र नर्सिङ स्नातक कार्यक्रमका नयाँ शिक्षण संस्थालाई आशयपत्र दिइँदैन। आयोगले उपयुक्त ठहर्याएको अवस्थाबाहेक एउटै विश्वविद्यालयले एक जिल्लामा एकभन्दा बढी मेडिकल वा डेन्टल कलेजलाई सम्बन्धन दिन पाउँदैन, र आफूले नचलाएको विषयमा सम्बन्धन दिन पाउँदैन। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 11–13, pp. 9–10
- Admission is through a single common entrance examination; the Commission fixes the number of seats for each institution each year and students are admitted in merit order through a matching system. Domestically owned private colleges must give at least 10 per cent of seats, and foreign or joint-venture colleges at least 20 per cent, to the government as free scholarships, while public institutions must make at least 75 per cent of bachelor's seats free scholarships, for which the government gives them a lump-sum grant. Seats are also reserved for families of martyrs and the disappeared, the conflict-affected, women, Dalits, Adivasi Janajati, Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslims and backward areas.भर्ना एकीकृत प्रवेश परीक्षाबाट हुन्छ; आयोगले हरेक वर्ष प्रत्येक संस्थाको सिट सङ्ख्या तोक्छ र योग्यताक्रमअनुसार म्याचिङ प्रणालीबाट भर्ना गरिन्छ। स्वदेशी लगानीका निजी कलेजले कम्तीमा १० प्रतिशत र विदेशी वा संयुक्त लगानीका कलेजले कम्तीमा २० प्रतिशत सिट निःशुल्क छात्रवृत्तिका रूपमा नेपाल सरकारलाई दिनुपर्छ, भने सार्वजनिक शिक्षण संस्थाले स्नातक तहका कम्तीमा ७५ प्रतिशत सिट निःशुल्क छात्रवृत्तिका लागि छुट्याउनुपर्छ र त्यसबापत सरकारले एकमुष्ट अनुदान दिन्छ। शहीद र बेपत्ता पारिएकाका परिवार, द्वन्द्वपीडित, महिला, दलित, आदिवासी जनजाति, खस आर्य, मधेशी, थारू, मुस्लिम र पिछडिएको क्षेत्रका लागि पनि सिट आरक्षण हुन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 16–17, pp. 12–14; Section 40, p. 23
- The Commission sets bachelor's fees after consulting institutions, taking account of cost, inflation, location and scholarships; one third is paid in the first year and the rest in annual instalments. Nepali students in public institutions pay no tuition for postgraduate basic and clinical medical and dental studies and receive a living allowance, and postgraduate study in government institutions is free. Students on free places or scholarships must sign a bond to work for one year in a remote area and one year in an accessible area where the government posts them; those who do not must pay a penalty of double the full fee.लागत, मुद्रास्फीति, भौगोलिक अवस्थिति र छात्रवृत्तिलाई ध्यानमा राखी शिक्षण संस्थासँग परामर्श गरेर आयोगले स्नातक तहको शुल्क तोक्छ; एक तिहाइ रकम पहिलो वर्ष र बाँकी वार्षिक किस्तामा लिइन्छ। सार्वजनिक शिक्षण संस्थामा आधारभूत चिकित्सा विज्ञान वा क्लिनिकल (मेडिकल र डेन्टल) स्नातकोत्तर पढ्ने नेपाली विद्यार्थीले शिक्षण शुल्क तिर्नुपर्दैन र निर्वाह भत्ता पाउँछन्, र सरकारी संस्थामा स्नातकोत्तर निःशुल्क हुन्छ। निःशुल्क वा छात्रवृत्तिमा पढ्ने विद्यार्थीले सरकारले खटाएको ठाउँमा एक वर्ष दुर्गम र एक वर्ष सुगममा काम गर्ने कबुलियतनामा गर्नुपर्छ; काम नगरेमा पूर्ण शुल्कको दोब्बर जरिवाना तिर्नुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 18, pp. 14–15; Section 38, p. 22
- Every teaching institution must serve at least one district assigned as its service area, providing community-based education and specialist care there, and must publish audited accounts and social audits. Certificate-level medical programmes are to be phased out, all medical teaching institutions are to become not-for-profit, service-oriented bodies over ten years, and doctors in government or public hospitals may not work elsewhere during office hours.प्रत्येक शिक्षण संस्थाले आफ्नो सेवा क्षेत्रका रूपमा तोकिएको कम्तीमा एक जिल्लामा समुदायमा आधारित शिक्षा र विशेषज्ञ सेवा दिनुपर्छ, र लेखापरीक्षण तथा सामाजिक परीक्षणको प्रतिवेदन सार्वजनिक गर्नुपर्छ। चिकित्सा शिक्षातर्फ प्रमाणपत्र तहका कार्यक्रम क्रमशः बन्द (फेज आउट) गर्नुपर्छ, दस वर्षमा सबै चिकित्सा शिक्षण संस्था क्रमशः गैरनाफामूलक र सेवामूलक बन्नुपर्छ, र सरकारी वा सार्वजनिक अस्पतालका चिकित्सकले कार्यालय समयमा अन्यत्र काम गर्न पाउँदैनन्। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 20, p. 16; Section 42, p. 23; Sections 47 and 49, p. 24
Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas
- Capacity Many seats set by the Commission go unfilled. Section 17 makes the Commission fix seat numbers and requires admission from the entrance-exam merit list. The Auditor General found that in 2080/81, of 7,606 bachelor's seats, 23,286 candidates passed the entrance exam but only 6,342 were admitted, leaving 1,264 bachelor's and 257 master's seats empty; in 2081/82, of 8,070 bachelor's seats, 6,597 were filled and 1,473 bachelor's and 339 master's seats stayed empty even though more candidates passed than there were seats.आयोगले तोकेका धेरै सिट खाली रहन्छन्। दफा १७ ले आयोगले सिट सङ्ख्या तोक्ने र प्रवेश परीक्षाको योग्यताक्रमबाट भर्ना गर्नुपर्ने व्यवस्था गरेको छ। महालेखापरीक्षकका अनुसार २०८०/८१ मा स्नातक तहका ७,६०६ सिटका लागि २३,२८६ जना प्रवेश परीक्षा उत्तीर्ण भए पनि ६,३४२ जना मात्र भर्ना भए, र स्नातकमा १,२६४ तथा स्नातकोत्तरमा २५७ सिट खाली रहे; २०८१/८२ मा स्नातकका ८,०७० सिटमध्ये ६,५९७ मा भर्ना भई उत्तीर्ण सङ्ख्या सिटभन्दा धेरै हुँदाहुँदै पनि स्नातकमा १,४७३ र स्नातकोत्तरमा ३३९ सिट खाली रहे। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd Annual Report, MoEST chapter, Medical Education Commission para 15, printed p. 480 (PDF p. 510); OAG 63rd Annual Report, MoEST chapter, para 27, printed p. 435 (PDF p. 467); Act s. 17, pp. 13–14
- Outdated Medical education is costly and many graduates leave. The High-Level Economic Reform Commission found that the MBBS fee in private colleges is above Rs 6 million, that fee-paying seats in government colleges are also expensive, and that because average starting salaries are low, the cost of study and the return on it do not match. It also found that most doctors registered with the Nepal Medical Council go abroad, reducing the number of doctors available in Nepal and the return on the country's investment in training them.चिकित्सा शिक्षा महँगो छ र धेरै उत्तीर्ण चिकित्सक विदेशिन्छन्। उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोगका अनुसार निजी क्षेत्रमा एमबीबीएसको शुल्क रु. ६० लाखभन्दा माथि छ, सरकारी क्षेत्रमा पनि शुल्क तिरेर पढ्ने सिट महँगो छ, र रोजगारी पाएपछि पाउने औसत तलब न्यून हुँदा लगानी र प्रतिफलबीच तालमेल छैन। नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिलमा दर्ता हुने अधिकांश चिकित्सक विदेश जाने गर्दा देशमा उपलब्ध चिकित्सक झन् घटेको र मुलुकले गरेको लगानीको प्रतिफल न्यून भएको पनि आयोगले औँल्याएको छ। High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance · Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal HLERC report, Chapter 23 (Education, skills and health), health-sector issues (5) and (7), printed p. 294 (PDF p. 361); Act ss. 18 and 38, pp. 14–15, 22
Ideas to fix it
- Identify why fewer students are admitted than the seats set for each programme, and fix it.विभिन्न कार्यक्रमका लागि तोकिएको सिटभन्दा कम विद्यार्थी भर्ना हुनुको कारण पहिचान गरी सुधार गर्ने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd and 63rd Annual Reports) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal
- Make it a legal requirement that students who study on scholarships, in government or private colleges, serve in Nepal for five years; and monitor private health institutions so that they cannot pay doctors less than the government rate.सरकारी वा निजी कलेजमा छात्रवृत्तिमा पढ्ने विद्यार्थीले अनिवार्य पाँच वर्ष देशमै सेवा गर्नुपर्ने कानूनी व्यवस्था गर्ने; र निजी स्वास्थ्य संस्थाले सरकारी दरभन्दा कम तलब दिन नपाउने गरी निरन्तर अनुगमन गर्ने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance
- Bring the cost of health education into line with its return, either by lowering fees, raising salaries, or both.स्वास्थ्य शिक्षामा लगानी र प्रतिफलबीच तालमेल ल्याउन शिक्षण शुल्क घटाउने वा तलबमान बढाउने, वा दुवै उपाय अपनाउने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance
- Revise the current rule that 75 per cent of students in government medical colleges get full scholarships, replacing it with a mix of full and partial scholarships. The report gives different figures in two places: 25 per cent full and 25 per cent partial in its summary list, and 10 per cent full and 10 per cent partial in the chapter recommendation.सरकारी मेडिकल कलेजमा ७५ प्रतिशत विद्यार्थीलाई पूर्ण छात्रवृत्ति दिने हालको व्यवस्था परिमार्जन गरी पूर्ण र आंशिक छात्रवृत्तिको मिश्रित व्यवस्था गर्ने। प्रतिवेदनमा दुई ठाउँमा फरक अङ्क छन्: सारांश सूचीमा २५ प्रतिशत पूर्ण र २५ प्रतिशत आंशिक, तर परिच्छेदको सिफारिसमा १० प्रतिशत पूर्ण र १० प्रतिशत आंशिक। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance
Where does it conflict with other laws?
No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.