- Type
- Act
- Year
- २०७४ BS · 2017 AD
- Status
- In force
- Category
- खण्ड १: संवैधानिक निकाय तथा सुशासन · Volume 1: Constitutional Body and Good Governance
- Official text
- Official page Official text (PDF)
- English translation
- Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Includes amendments up to: 2075 BS. Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.
Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.
What does it do?
- This Act sets out how the Indigenous Nationalities Commission created by Article 261 of the Constitution works. Its stated aim is to protect and promote the identity, history, culture, rights and interests of Adivasi Janajati communities and to empower them. To be chair or member, a person must be from an Adivasi Janajati community, have at least ten years' work in Adivasi Janajati rights, human rights or law, hold a bachelor's degree, be at least 45 years old and not be a political party member when appointed. Office ends at age 65 or on resignation, and a member cannot be reappointed or later take other government jobs.यो ऐनले संविधानको धारा २६१ बमोजिमको आदिवासी जनजाति आयोगको काम कारबाहीसम्बन्धी व्यवस्था गरेको छ। यसको उद्देश्य आदिवासी जनजाति समुदायको पहिचान, इतिहास, संस्कृति, हक र हितको संरक्षण र सम्वर्द्धन तथा सशक्तीकरण हो। अध्यक्ष वा सदस्य हुन आदिवासी जनजाति समुदायको व्यक्ति हुनुपर्छ; आदिवासी जनजातिको हकहित, मानव अधिकार वा कानूनको क्षेत्रमा कम्तीमा दश वर्ष योगदान, स्नातक उपाधि र ४५ वर्ष उमेर पुगेको र नियुक्त हुँदा कुनै राजनीतिक दलको सदस्य नरहेको हुनुपर्छ। ६५ वर्ष पुगेमा वा राजीनामा दिएमा पद रिक्त हुन्छ; पुनः नियुक्ति र पछि अन्य सरकारी सेवामा नियुक्ति हुँदैन। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Preamble, p. 1; Sections 3–6, pp. 2–3
- The Commission has 19 functions. They include studying the overall situation of Adivasi Janajati communities and recommending policy, legal and institutional reforms to the Government of Nepal, and reviewing and monitoring related policies and programmes. It also follows up whether its own recommendations are implemented, collects complaints about violations of these communities' rights and recommends investigation by the relevant body. Other functions are recommending the listing of surnames (thar), research on languages, scripts and culture and on places of origin, and monitoring whether Nepal is implementing relevant international treaties.आयोगका १९ वटा काम, कर्तव्य र अधिकार छन्। तीमध्ये आदिवासी जनजाति समुदायको समग्र स्थितिको अध्ययन गरी नेपाल सरकारलाई नीतिगत, कानूनी र संस्थागत सुधार सिफारिस गर्ने र सम्बन्धित नीति तथा कार्यक्रमको समीक्षा र अनुगमन गर्ने पर्छन्। आफ्ना सिफारिस कार्यान्वयन भए नभएको अनुगमन गर्ने, अधिकार उल्लङ्घनसम्बन्धी उजुरी सङ्कलन गरी छानबिन र तहकिकातका लागि सम्बन्धित निकायमा सिफारिस गर्ने काम पनि छन्। थर सूचीकृत गर्न सिफारिस गर्ने, भाषा, लिपि, संस्कृति र उद्गम स्थलको अनुसन्धान गर्ने तथा सम्बन्धित अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सन्धि कार्यान्वयनको अनुगमन गर्ने अन्य कामहरू हुन्। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 7, pp. 4–6
- Government bodies and officials must help the Commission when asked; if they do not, the Commission may write to their supervising body. The Commission's office is in Kathmandu Valley and the Government of Nepal provides its staff. It must submit an annual report to the President within three months of the end of each fiscal year, and it deals with the government through the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration.आयोगले सहयोग मागेमा सरकारी निकाय र पदाधिकारीले सहयोग गर्नुपर्छ; नगरेमा आयोगले तिनका तालुक निकायलाई लेखी पठाउन सक्छ। आयोगको कार्यालय काठमाडौँ उपत्यकामा रहन्छ र आवश्यक कर्मचारी नेपाल सरकारले उपलब्ध गराउँछ। आयोगले प्रत्येक आर्थिक वर्ष सकिएको तीन महिनाभित्र राष्ट्रपतिसमक्ष वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन पेस गर्नुपर्छ र नेपाल सरकारसँग सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालयमार्फत सम्पर्क राख्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 12, 18, 20–23, pp. 7–11
Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas
- Unclear Its mandate overlaps with another body. The Auditor General found in both its 62nd and 63rd reports that the responsibilities this Act gives the Commission duplicate those that the National Foundation for Upliftment of Adivasi Janajati Act 2058 gives the Foundation. It also noted that there is no consistent definition and identification of Adivasi Janajati communities. The 63rd report adds, from the Commission's own annual report, that the reclassification of these communities had not been revised, no standard for identifying Adivasi had been prepared, and household-level economic and social studies had not been done.आयोगको जिम्मेवारी अर्को निकायसँग दोहोरिएको छ। महालेखापरीक्षकको बासट्ठीऔँ र त्रिसट्ठीऔँ दुवै प्रतिवेदनमा यस ऐनले आयोगलाई दिएका जिम्मेवारी र आदिवासी जनजाति उत्थान राष्ट्रिय प्रतिष्ठान ऐन, २०५८ ले प्रतिष्ठानलाई दिएका जिम्मेवारी एकआपसमा दोहोरिएको उल्लेख छ, र आदिवासी जनजातिको परिचय, पहिचान र परिभाषामा एकरूपता नभएको औँल्याइएको छ। त्रिसट्ठीऔँ प्रतिवेदनले आयोगकै वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन उद्धृत गर्दै आदिवासी जनजातिको वर्गीकरण परिमार्जन नभएको, आदिवासी मानिने मानक तयार नभएको र परिवार तथा व्यक्तिको आर्थिक–सामाजिक अध्ययन हुन नसकेको पनि उल्लेख गरेको छ। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd report, Adivasi Janajati Commission entry, para 2, printed p. 75 (PDF p. 105); OAG 63rd report, same entry, para 2, printed p. 78 (PDF p. 110)
- Not enforced Many recommendations, little follow-up. Section 7(cha) requires the Commission to monitor whether its recommendations are implemented. According to the Commission's annual reports, cited by the Auditor General, it made 71 recommendations to federal and provincial governments and other bodies between 2077/78 and 2079/80, and 77 by 2081/82. The Commission itself names getting its recommendations implemented by the government and other bodies as a problem, along with the lack of an integrated national policy on Adivasi Janajati and of coordination among programmes aimed at these communities.सिफारिस धेरै, कार्यान्वयन कम। दफा ७(च) ले आयोगलाई आफ्ना सिफारिसको कार्यान्वयन अनुगमन गर्ने जिम्मा दिएको छ। महालेखापरीक्षकले उद्धृत गरेको आयोगको वार्षिक प्रतिवेदनअनुसार आयोगले २०७७/७८ देखि २०७९/८० सम्म नेपाल सरकार, प्रदेश सरकार र अन्य निकायलाई ७१ वटा र २०८१/८२ सम्म ७७ वटा सिफारिस गरेको छ। आयोगले आफ्ना सिफारिस सरकार र सम्बन्धित निकायबाट कार्यान्वयन गराउनु, आदिवासी जनजातिसम्बन्धी एकीकृत राष्ट्रिय नीति बनाउनु र लक्षित कार्यक्रमबीच समन्वय गर्नुलाई समस्या र चुनौतीका रूपमा औँल्याएको छ। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd report, Adivasi Janajati Commission entry, paras 2–3, printed p. 75 (PDF p. 105); OAG 63rd report, para 3, printed p. 78 (PDF p. 110); Act s. 7(cha), p. 4
Ideas to fix it
- Amend the law to bring consistency to the identification and definition of Adivasi Janajati communities and so make the Commission more effective.आदिवासी जनजाति समुदायको परिचय, पहिचान र परिभाषामा एकरूपता कायम गर्न आवश्यक कानूनी परिमार्जन गरी आयोगको प्रभावकारिता बढाउने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd and 63rd Annual Reports) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal
Where does it conflict with other laws?
No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.
Open questions for lawmakers
Research candidates on possible conflicts, gaps or loopholes involving this law. Not legal findings: each awaits qualified legal review.
Regulations and rules made under it
- आदिवासी जनजाति आयोग नियमावली, २०७९ In force