Act

Solid Waste Management Act,2011

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०६८ BS · 2011 AD
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड १७: स्थानीय विकास · Volume 17: Local Development
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • The Act aims to reduce waste at source, reuse, process or dispose of it, and limit harm to public health and the environment. Managing waste is the responsibility of local governments, which must build and run transfer stations, landfills, processing plants and similar facilities. However, whoever produces hazardous, health-care, chemical or industrial waste must manage it themselves to set standards, though a local government may do so for a fee.फोहरमैलालाई स्रोतमै घटाउने, पुनः प्रयोग, प्रशोधन वा विसर्जन गर्ने र जनस्वास्थ्य तथा वातावरणमा पर्ने प्रतिकूल असर कम गर्ने उद्देश्यले यो ऐन बनेको हो। फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापनको जिम्मेवारी स्थानीय तहको हो, र स्थानान्तरण केन्द्र, ल्यान्डफिल साइट, प्रशोधन प्लान्टजस्ता पूर्वाधार बनाउने र चलाउने दायित्व पनि स्थानीय तहकै हो। तर हानिकारक, स्वास्थ्य संस्थाजन्य, रासायनिक वा औद्योगिक फोहरमैला उत्पादन गर्नेले तोकिएको मापदण्डअनुसार आफैँ व्यवस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ; स्थानीय तहले शुल्क लिई यस्तो फोहर व्यवस्थापन गरिदिन सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Preamble, p. 1; Sections 3–4, pp. 5–6
  • Everyone must keep the waste they produce to a minimum and dispose of what they can on their own premises. Local governments must require waste to be separated at source, at least into organic and inorganic, and households, organisations and bodies must deliver it separated to collection points at the times and in the manner the local government sets. Hazardous or chemical waste may not be put in ordinary collection points, and waste must be transported separately as sorted.प्रत्येक व्यक्ति, संस्था वा निकायले आफूले उत्पादन गर्ने फोहर सकेसम्म कम गर्नुपर्छ र आफ्नै परिसरमा विसर्जन हुन सक्ने फोहर त्यहीँ व्यवस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ। स्थानीय तहले फोहरलाई कम्तीमा जैविक र अजैविक गरी स्रोतमै छुट्याउन लगाउनुपर्छ, र घर, संस्था वा निकायले छुट्याएको फोहर स्थानीय तहले तोकेको समय र तरिकामा सङ्कलन केन्द्रसम्म पुर्‍याउनुपर्छ। हानिकारक वा रासायनिक फोहर सामान्य सङ्कलन केन्द्रमा फाल्न पाइँदैन, र छुट्याइएको फोहर छुट्टाछुट्टै ढुवानी गर्नुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 5–9, pp. 6–7
  • Local governments designate collection points, transfer stations and disposal sites, may license private companies or community organisations to manage waste through competitive selection or public–private partnership, and may collect service fees. They must monitor waste management regularly. A Solid Waste Management Council formulates policy and coordinates the sector.स्थानीय तहले सङ्कलन केन्द्र, स्थानान्तरण केन्द्र र व्यवस्थापन स्थल तोक्छ, प्रतिस्पर्धा गराई वा सार्वजनिक–निजी साझेदारीमार्फत निजी कम्पनी वा सामुदायिक संस्थालाई फोहर व्यवस्थापनको अनुमति दिन सक्छ, र सेवा शुल्क उठाउन सक्छ। फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापनको नियमित अनुगमन गर्नुपर्छ। नीति निर्धारण र समन्वयका लागि फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापन परिषद् रहन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 8, 11, pp. 7–8; Sections 13–18, pp. 9–12; Section 21, p. 14; Sections 23–24, pp. 15–16
  • The Act lists offences such as disposing of waste outside the times and places the local government sets, damaging collection containers, not separating waste at source, dumping hazardous industrial or health-care waste, and leaving animal carcasses on roads. Local governments can fine offenders on a rising scale (for example, for disposing of waste at the wrong time or place, up to Rs 5,000 the first time, Rs 5,000–10,000 the second time and Rs 15,000 for each further offence) and recover clean-up costs; some offences, such as obstructing waste collection, are prosecuted by the government.स्थानीय तहले तोकेको समय र स्थानबाहेक अन्यत्र फोहर फाल्ने, सङ्कलन केन्द्रका कन्टेनर तोडफोड गर्ने, स्रोतमै नछुट्याई फोहर मिसाएर फाल्ने, उद्योग वा स्वास्थ्य संस्थाको हानिकारक फोहर जथाभावी फाल्ने, सडकमा मरेका पशुपंक्षी फाल्ने लगायतका काम ऐनले कसुर मानेको छ। स्थानीय तहले कसुरदारलाई बढ्दो दरमा जरिबाना गर्न (जस्तै तोकिएको समय र स्थानबाहेक फोहर फालेमा पहिलो पटक पाँच हजार रुपैयाँसम्म, दोस्रो पटक पाँचदेखि दश हजार रुपैयाँसम्म र त्यसपछि प्रत्येक पटक पन्ध्र हजार रुपैयाँ) र सफाइ खर्च असुल गर्न सक्छ; फोहर सङ्कलनमा अवरोध गर्नेजस्ता केही कसुरमा नेपाल सरकार वादी भई मुद्दा चल्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 38, pp. 17–19; Section 39, pp. 19–20; Section 41, p. 21

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Not enforced Sorting at source, required by Section 6, has largely not happened. The Auditor General reported for FY 2081/82 that local governments had not been able to start separating waste at source and collecting it accordingly, so organic, inorganic, glass, hospital and e-waste were not being separated and managed properly. Its earlier audit of industrial waste found that the Balaju, Bhaktapur and Patan industrial estates handed waste to private companies without sorting it.दफा ६ ले अनिवार्य गरेको स्रोतमै फोहर छुट्याउने काम धेरैजसो हुन सकेको छैन। महालेखापरीक्षकका अनुसार आ.व. २०८१/८२ मा स्थानीय तहले स्रोतमै फोहर वर्गीकरण गराई सोहीअनुसार सङ्कलन र व्यवस्थापन सुरु गर्न नसकेकाले कुहिने, नकुहिने, सिसाजन्य, अस्पतालजन्य र इ-वेस्टलगायतका फोहर छुट्याएर उचित व्यवस्थापन भएको देखिएन। औद्योगिक फोहरको अघिल्लो लेखापरीक्षणले बालाजु, भक्तपुर र पाटन औद्योगिक क्षेत्रले फोहर वर्गीकरण नगरी निजी कम्पनीलाई विसर्जन गर्न दिएको देखाएको थियो। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 63rd Annual Report, local government chapter, para 45, printed p. 922 (PDF p. 976); OAG 62nd Annual Report, MoICS chapter (industrial waste), para 60, printed p. 208 (PDF p. 238); Act s. 6, p. 6
  • Not enforced Industrial waste is barely monitored. Section 21 requires regular monitoring, yet the Auditor General found that the Balaju industrial estate office, Industrial District Management Ltd, Kathmandu Metropolitan City and the Department of Environment kept no record of monitoring industrial waste. Citing the Department of Environment, it reported that half of 43 industries monitored were not managing solid waste well and none met the government's industrial effluent standards. According to responses from industries, most local governments had not built wastewater treatment or landfill sites.औद्योगिक फोहरको अनुगमन नगण्य छ। दफा २१ ले नियमित अनुगमन अनिवार्य गरे पनि बालाजु औद्योगिक क्षेत्र व्यवस्थापन कार्यालय, औद्योगिक क्षेत्र व्यवस्थापन लिमिटेड, काठमाडौँ महानगरपालिका र वातावरण विभागले औद्योगिक फोहर अनुगमनको अभिलेख राखेका थिएनन्। वातावरण विभागको प्रकाशनलाई उद्धृत गर्दै महालेखापरीक्षकले अनुगमन गरिएका ४३ उद्योगमध्ये ५० प्रतिशतले ठोस फोहरको राम्रो व्यवस्थापन नगरेको र सबैले सरकारले तोकेको औद्योगिक एफ्लुएन्ट मापदण्ड पालना नगरेको उल्लेख गरेको छ। उद्योगहरूबाट प्राप्त जानकारीअनुसार अधिकांश स्थानीय तहले फोहर पानी प्रशोधन र ल्यान्डफिल साइट बनाएका थिएनन्। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal OAG 62nd Annual Report, MoICS chapter (industrial waste), paras 56.5 and 59, printed pp. 207–208 (PDF pp. 237–238); Act s. 21, p. 14
  • Outdated The Act has not kept pace with federalism. The High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission listed the Solid Waste Management Act 2068 among laws not revised in time, and the Auditor General said the Ministry of Urban Development should revise it to fit the federal structure.ऐन सङ्घीयताअनुसार अद्यावधिक भएको छैन। उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोगले फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापन ऐन, २०६८ लाई समयसापेक्ष परिमार्जन हुन नसकेका कानूनमा गनेको छ, र महालेखापरीक्षकले सहरी विकास मन्त्रालयले यसलाई सङ्घीय व्यवस्थाअनुरूप परिमार्जन गर्नुपर्ने भनेको छ। High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal HLERC report, infrastructure chapter, para 15, printed p. 247 (PDF p. 314); OAG 63rd Annual Report, Ministry of Urban Development chapter, para 17, printed p. 401 (PDF p. 433)

Ideas to fix it

  • Regularly inspect industries on site, monitor how chemical and hazardous waste is managed and check that it is not discharged into sewers; sort industrial waste before disposal; and build suitable technology and infrastructure for waste management through cooperation between government, the private sector and civil society.उद्योगको नियमित स्थलगत निरीक्षण गर्ने, रासायनिक तथा हानिकारक फोहरको व्यवस्थापन अनुगमन गरी त्यस्तो फोहर ढलमा नमिसाएको जाँच गर्ने, औद्योगिक फोहर वर्गीकरण गरेर मात्र विसर्जन गर्ने, र सरकार, निजी क्षेत्र र नागरिक समाजको सहकार्यमा फोहर व्यवस्थापनका उपयुक्त प्रविधि र पूर्वाधार स्थापना गरी सञ्चालन गर्ने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd Annual Report) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal
  • Revise the Solid Waste Management Act, drawing on good practice at home and abroad, so that it fits the federal structure.देशभित्र र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय असल अभ्यास अपनाउँदै फोहरमैला व्यवस्थापन ऐनलाई सङ्घीय संरचनाअनुरूप परिमार्जन गर्ने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081); Office of the Auditor General (63rd Annual Report) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.

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