Act

Domestic Violence (Offence and Punishment) Act, 2009

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०६६ BS · 2009 AD
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड १६: महिला, बालबालिका, समाज कल्याण तथा संस्कृति · Volume 16: Women, Children, Social Welfare and Culture
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • Domestic violence is any physical, mental, sexual or economic harm done by one person to another in a domestic relationship. That includes family members related by blood, marriage or adoption, members of a joint family, dependants or domestic workers living with the family, and couples living together with or without marriage. Mental abuse covers threats, insults, false accusations, throwing someone out of the home, and discrimination based on looks, illness, belief or custom. Economic abuse includes denying use of joint or personal property, jobs or resources, and demanding or pressing for dowry. Committing, attempting or abetting domestic violence is an offence.घरेलु सम्बन्ध भएका व्यक्तिबीच कसैले अर्कोलाई दिएको शारीरिक, मानसिक, यौनजन्य वा आर्थिक यातना घरेलु हिंसा हो। रगत, विवाह वा धर्मपुत्र–धर्मपुत्रीको नाताका परिवारका सदस्य, संयुक्त परिवारका सदस्य, आश्रित वा कामदारका रूपमा परिवारमा बसेका व्यक्ति र विवाह गरी वा नगरी सँगै बसेका जोडी घरेलु सम्बन्धमा पर्छन्। धम्की, गालीगलौज, झुट्टा आरोप, घरबाट निकाला, रूप, रोग, विचार वा प्रथाका आधारमा भेदभाव मानसिक यातना हुन्। सगोल वा निजी सम्पत्ति, रोजगारी वा आर्थिक स्रोतको प्रयोगबाट वञ्चित गर्नु र दाइजो माग्नु वा दबाब दिनु आर्थिक यातना हुन्। घरेलु हिंसा गर्नु, गराउनु, उद्योग गर्नु वा दुरुत्साहन दिनु कसूर हो। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 2(ka)–(cha), pp. 2–3; Section 3, p. 4
  • Anyone who knows of domestic violence may complain in writing or orally to the police, the National Women Commission or the local level. Police or the local level must summon the alleged perpetrator within 24 hours, arrest them if they refuse to come, arrange treatment and protection for the victim, and, if the victim wishes, try mediation. If mediation fails, the case goes to court within 15 days. Victims may also go straight to court. Serious cases involving acid or other chemicals, disfigurement, or sexual abuse go through a police First Information Report as state cases. Complaints must be made within 90 days.घरेलु हिंसा भएको थाहा पाउने जोसुकैले प्रहरी कार्यालय, राष्ट्रिय महिला आयोग वा स्थानीय तहमा लिखित वा मौखिक उजुरी दिन सक्छ। प्रहरी वा स्थानीय तहले २४ घण्टाभित्र पीडकलाई झिकाउनुपर्छ र अटेर गरे पक्राउ गर्नुपर्छ, पीडितको उपचार र सुरक्षाको व्यवस्था गर्नुपर्छ र पीडितले चाहेमा मेलमिलाप गराउनुपर्छ। मेलमिलाप नभए १५ दिनभित्र उजुरी अदालत पठाइन्छ। पीडितले सिधै अदालतमा पनि उजुरी दिन सक्छन्। तेजाब वा रसायनले पोल्ने, अङ्ग कुरूप पार्ने वा यौनजन्य यातनाजस्ता गम्भीर घटनामा प्रहरीमा जाहेरी दिई सरकारवादी मुद्दा चल्छ। कसूर भएको ९० दिनभित्र उजुरी दिनुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 4–5, 5ka, 12ga, pp. 4–7, 11; Section 14, p. 12
  • Courts may issue interim protection orders: letting the victim stay in the home, providing food and clothing, paying for treatment, requiring the abuser to live separately and pay maintenance, and banning threats or harassment, including by phone or online. Hearings can be held in closed court at the victim's request, under summary procedure. The abuser must pay treatment costs, and the court may order compensation based on the harm and both parties' circumstances.अदालतले अन्तरिम संरक्षणात्मक आदेश दिन सक्छ: पीडितलाई घरमै बस्न दिने, खान–लाउन दिने, उपचार खर्च दिने, पीडकलाई छुट्टै बस्न लगाई भरणपोषण दिन लगाउने, र प्रत्यक्ष वा सञ्चार माध्यमबाट धम्की दिन वा दुःख दिन रोक्ने। पीडितले अनुरोध गरेमा बन्द इजलासमा संक्षिप्त कार्यविधिअनुसार सुनुवाइ हुन्छ। उपचार खर्च पीडकले बेहोर्नुपर्छ र हिंसाको प्रकृति तथा दुवै पक्षको अवस्था हेरी अदालतले क्षतिपूर्ति भराइदिन सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 6–10, pp. 7–9
  • The government, and provinces and local levels in coordination with it, may set up service centres for victims' immediate safety, shelter, legal aid, counselling and financial help, funded through service funds. Local levels may appoint a protection officer, and the government provides free legal aid through district legal aid committees. Domestic violence other than the serious forms is punished with a fine of Rs 3,000–25,000, up to six months' imprisonment, or both. Repeat offenders get double; a holder of public office who commits it against their own wife, a senior citizen, a person with disabilities, a minor or a pregnant woman gets 10 per cent more; and breaching a protection order carries a fine of Rs 2,000–15,000, up to four months' imprisonment, or both.पीडितलाई तत्काल सुरक्षा, आश्रय, कानूनी सहायता, मनोविमर्श र आर्थिक सहायता दिन नेपाल सरकार, र सरकारसँग समन्वय गरी प्रदेश तथा स्थानीय तहले सेवा केन्द्र खोल्न सक्छन्; यिनका लागि सेवा कोष रहन्छ। स्थानीय तहले संरक्षण अधिकृत तोक्न सक्छ र जिल्ला कानूनी सहायता समितिमार्फत निःशुल्क कानूनी सहायता दिइन्छ। गम्भीर प्रकृतिबाहेकको घरेलु हिंसामा रु. ३,००० देखि २५,००० सम्म जरिवाना वा छ महिनासम्म कैद वा दुवै सजाय हुन्छ। दोहोर्‍याएमा दोब्बर सजाय हुन्छ; सार्वजनिक जवाफदेहीको पदमा बहाल व्यक्तिले आफ्नो पत्नी, जेष्ठ नागरिक, अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्ति, नाबालक वा गर्भवती महिलाविरुद्ध यस्तो कसूर गरेमा १० प्रतिशत थप सजाय हुन्छ; संरक्षणात्मक आदेश नमान्नेलाई रु. २,००० देखि १५,००० सम्म जरिवाना वा चार महिनासम्म कैद वा दुवै हुन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 11–12kha, pp. 9–10; Section 13, pp. 11–12

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Not enforced Most survivors never seek help. In 2025 the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women was concerned about the high incidence of domestic violence in Nepal. It noted that 72 per cent of women who had experienced violence never sought help, because of social norms that legitimise such violence and lack of awareness of their rights, remedies and specialised services. It also pointed to the absence of comprehensive legislation specifically criminalising all forms of gender-based violence, including technology-facilitated violence, and to inadequate protection for women facing intersecting discrimination.अधिकांश पीडितले सहयोग नै खोज्दैनन्। सन् २०२५ मा संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय महिलाविरुद्ध हुने सबै प्रकारका भेदभाव उन्मूलनसम्बन्धी समितिले नेपालमा घरेलु हिंसाको उच्च दरप्रति चिन्ता जनायो। हिंसा भोगेका ७२ प्रतिशत महिलाले हिंसालाई जायज ठान्ने सामाजिक मान्यता र आफ्ना अधिकार, उपचार तथा विशेष सेवाबारे जानकारीको अभावका कारण कहिल्यै सहयोग नखोजेको समितिले उल्लेख गर्‍यो। प्रविधिमार्फत हुने हिंसासहित सबै प्रकारका लैङ्गिक हिंसालाई स्पष्ट रूपमा अपराध घोषित गर्ने व्यापक कानूनको अभाव र बहुआयामिक भेदभाव भोग्ने महिलाको अपर्याप्त संरक्षणप्रति पनि समितिले चिन्ता जनाएको छ। UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CEDAW/C/NPL/CO/7, para 26(a)–(b), PDF p. 8

Ideas to fix it

  • Ensure that specialised services for women and girls who are victims of gender-based violence are inclusive, accessible and available in rural areas, and adopt comprehensive legislation criminalising all forms of gender-based violence, including psychological and technology-facilitated violence.लैङ्गिक हिंसापीडित महिला र बालिकाका लागि विशेष सेवा समावेशी, पहुँचयोग्य र ग्रामीण क्षेत्रमा पनि उपलब्ध हुने सुनिश्चित गर्ने, र मनोवैज्ञानिक तथा प्रविधिमार्फत हुने हिंसासहित सबै प्रकारका लैङ्गिक हिंसालाई अपराध घोषित गर्ने व्यापक कानून बनाउने। Proposed by: UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (2025) UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.

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