Act

Seeds Act, 1988

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०४५ BS · 1988 AD
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड १२: खाद्य, कृषि, सहकारी तथा भूमि प्रशासन · Volume 12: Food, Agriculture, Cooperative and Land Administration
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Includes amendments up to: 2066 BS. Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • The Seeds Act regulates the quality of seeds sold for farming. A National Seed Board, chaired by the Secretary of the ministry responsible for agriculture and including the Department of Agriculture, the Nepal Agricultural Research Council and seed producers, advises on seed policy, approves, releases and registers new varieties, and sets quality standards. The Seed Quality Control Centre acts as its secretariat and certifies seed. Since a 2079 amendment, provinces may form their own seed committees and list or register varieties suited to their area in consultation with the national board.बीउ बिजन ऐनले खेतीका लागि बिक्री हुने बीउको गुणस्तर नियमन गर्छ। कृषि हेर्ने मन्त्रालयका सचिवको अध्यक्षतामा कृषि विभाग, नेपाल कृषि अनुसन्धान परिषद् र बीउ उत्पादकसमेत रहने राष्ट्रिय बीउ बिजन समितिले बीउ नीतिमा परामर्श दिन्छ, नयाँ जातको अनुमोदन, उन्मोचन र दर्ता गर्छ, र गुणस्तर तोक्छ। बीउ बिजन गुणस्तर नियन्त्रण केन्द्र समितिको सचिवालय हो र बीउ प्रमाणीकरण गर्छ। २०७९ को संशोधनपछि प्रदेशले आफ्नै बीउ बिजन समिति बनाउन र राष्ट्रिय समितिसँग परामर्श गरी आफ्नो क्षेत्रका लागि उपयुक्त जात सूचित वा पञ्जीकृत गर्न सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 3 and 5, pp. 3–6; Section 6A, p. 7; Section 8, pp. 7–8; Section 11.6, p. 9
  • Only seed of varieties that have been notified or registered under the Act may be sold, except for agricultural research. Anyone who sells seed needs a licence, renewed every year. Sellers must label each container with the variety, the minimum quality standard and any chemical treatment. Seed-testing laboratories, which may be government, provincial, local or private, need a licence renewed after an annual technical audit.कृषि अनुसन्धानका लागिबाहेक यस ऐनअनुसार सूचित वा पञ्जीकृत भएका जातका बीउ मात्र बिक्री गर्न पाइन्छ। बीउ बिक्री वितरण गर्न इजाजत (अनुमतिपत्र) लिनुपर्छ र त्यो हरेक वर्ष नवीकरण गर्नुपर्छ। बिक्रेताले भाँडोमा बीउको जात, न्यूनतम गुणस्तर र रसायन प्रयोग गरिएको भए त्यसको विवरण खुलाउनुपर्छ। सरकारी, प्रदेश, स्थानीय वा निजी बीउ परीक्षण प्रयोगशालाले अनुमतिपत्र लिनुपर्छ र हरेक वर्ष प्राविधिक परीक्षणपछि नवीकरण गराउनुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 9–10A, p. 8; Sections 11A–11B, pp. 9–10; Section 13, p. 11
  • If poor-quality seed or false information causes a farmer loss, the seller must pay compensation based on an assessment by a district evaluation committee. Importing or exporting notified seed needs approval. Before genetically modified, living modified or 'terminator' seed is imported or exported, a risk analysis is required, and the government may ban seed that would harm people, animals, plants, the environment or culture. Farmers keep the right to own, select, save and share traditional local seed, and farmer groups may register traditional varieties in their collective name.गुणस्तरहीन बीउ वा गलत सूचनाका कारण कृषकलाई हानि–नोक्सानी भए जिल्लास्तरीय मूल्याङ्कन समितिको मूल्याङ्कनका आधारमा सम्बन्धित पक्षले क्षतिपूर्ति दिनुपर्छ। सूचित बीउ निकासी वा पैठारी गर्न स्वीकृति चाहिन्छ। अनुवंश परिवर्तित (जीएमओ), जीवित रूपमा रूपान्तरित वा वंश नपुंसक (टर्मिनेटर) बीउ निकासी–पैठारी गर्नुअघि जोखिम विश्लेषण गर्नुपर्छ; मानिस, पशुपन्छी, बिरुवा, वातावरण वा संस्कृतिमा प्रतिकूल असर पार्ने बीउमा सरकारले रोक लगाउन सक्छ। परम्परागत स्थानीय बीउमा कृषकको स्वामित्व, छनोट, संरक्षण र वितरणको अधिकार रहन्छ, र कृषक समूहले परम्परागत जात सामूहिक नाममा दर्ता गर्न सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 11D, pp. 10–11; Sections 15–15A, p. 12; Section 18A, p. 16
  • Seed inspectors and analysts appointed by the federal or a provincial government can seize seed handled in breach of the Act, investigate offences and file cases, with the Government of Nepal as plaintiff. Selling unlisted or unlicensed seed is punishable by a fine of Rs 50,000–100,000 and/or one to three months' prison. Cases are heard by an officer designated by the government.नेपाल सरकार वा प्रदेश सरकारले नियुक्त गरेका बीउ बिजन निरीक्षकले ऐनविपरीत कारोबार गरिएको बीउ जफत गर्न, कसुरको तहकिकात गर्न र मुद्दा दायर गर्न सक्छ; यस्ता मुद्दामा नेपाल सरकार वादी हुन्छ। सूचित वा पञ्जीकृत नभएको वा इजाजतबिना बीउ बिक्री गरे पचास हजारदेखि एक लाख रुपैयाँसम्म जरिवाना वा एकदेखि तीन महिनासम्म कैद वा दुवै सजाय हुन्छ। मुद्दा नेपाल सरकारले तोकेको अधिकारीले हेर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 11C, p. 10; Section 16, p. 14; Section 19, p. 16; Sections 20–22, p. 17

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

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