- Type
- Act
- Year
- २०१२ BS
- Status
- In force
- Category
- खण्ड ५: सुरक्षा प्रशासन · Volume 5: Security Administration
- Official text
- Official page Official text (PDF)
- English translation
- Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Includes amendments up to: 2066 BS. Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.
Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.
What does it do?
- The Act creates the Nepal Police force(s), whose size, pay and conditions the government sets. The government controls and directs the police and every officer must obey its lawful orders; the Inspector General of Police and senior officers run police administration. Officers are treated as always on duty and may be deployed anywhere in the country, but may not exercise more power than the law gives them.यो ऐनले नेपाल प्रहरी फोर्सको गठन गर्छ, जसको सङ्ख्या, तलब र सेवाका सर्त सरकारले तोक्छ। प्रहरीको रेखदेख, नियन्त्रण र निर्देशन गर्ने अधिकार नेपाल सरकारलाई हुन्छ र हरेक प्रहरी कर्मचारीले त्यसको पालना गर्नुपर्छ; प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक र वरिष्ठ अधिकृतले प्रहरी प्रशासन चलाउँछन्। प्रहरी कर्मचारी जहिले पनि ड्युटीमा रहेको मानिन्छ र देशको जुनसुकै भागमा खटाउन सकिन्छ, तर कानूनले दिएभन्दा बढी अधिकार प्रयोग गर्न पाउँदैन। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 3–5, p. 3; Sections 12–13, p. 7
- Police duties include obeying lawful orders and warrants, gathering intelligence on threats to peace, preventing crime, detecting offenders, arresting people as the law allows, helping helpless people, looking after injured or sick detainees and providing them food and shelter, avoiding rude behaviour during searches and treating everyone courteously. Officers may arrest without a warrant in a public place people suspected of offences punishable by three years or more, and inspectors may enter certain bars, gambling dens and similar places without a warrant, reporting reasons to the Chief District Officer.प्रहरीका कर्तव्यमा कानूनबमोजिमका आदेश र वारेन्ट पालना गर्ने, शान्ति सुरक्षामा असर पार्ने खबर सङ्कलन गर्ने, अपराध रोक्ने, अपराधी पत्ता लगाउने, कानूनबमोजिम पक्राउ गर्ने, असहायलाई मद्दत गर्ने, घाइते वा बिरामी थुनुवाको उपचार र खाना–बासको प्रबन्ध गर्ने, खानतलासी गर्दा असभ्य व्यवहार नगर्ने र सबैसँग शिष्ट व्यवहार गर्ने पर्छन्। तीन वर्ष वा बढी कैद हुने कसूरको आशङ्कामा सार्वजनिक ठाउँमा वारेन्टबिना पक्राउ गर्न सकिन्छ, र सहायक निरीक्षकभन्दा माथिका अधिकृतले भट्टी, जुवाखाना जस्ता ठाउँमा वारेन्टबिना प्रवेश गरी कारणसहित प्रमुख जिल्ला अधिकारीलाई जानकारी दिनुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 15–17, pp. 7–9
- The Act also covers traffic control on public roads, custody and disposal of unclaimed property (which passes to the government if no owner comes forward), police diaries, and deploying extra police at the request and cost of residents of an area where peace is at special risk, with compensation from those residents for harm caused by their misconduct.सार्वजनिक बाटोमा सवारी व्यवस्थापन, बेवारिसे सम्पत्ति जिम्मा लिने र धनी नआए सरकारमा जाने, प्रहरी डायरी, र शान्ति सुरक्षामा विशेष खतरा भएको ठाउँमा त्यहाँका बासिन्दाको खर्चमा थप प्रहरी खटाउने तथा उनीहरूको अनुचित आचरणबाट भएको हानिको हर्जाना उनीहरूबाटै भराउने व्यवस्था पनि यस ऐनमा छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 18–23, pp. 10–13; Sections 27–30, pp. 13–16
- Officers face departmental punishment under the Act and regulations, with appeals to a designated authority; officers acting in good faith in the line of duty are protected, and cases against the police must be filed within the limitation period in section 38.प्रहरी कर्मचारीलाई ऐन र नियमावलीबमोजिम विभागीय सजाय हुन्छ र तोकिएको अधिकारीसमक्ष पुनरावेदन लाग्छ; कर्तव्य पालनाका क्रममा असल नियतले गरेको कामका लागि प्रहरी दोषी हुँदैन, र प्रहरीविरुद्धको मुद्दा दफा ३८ को हदम्यादभित्र चलाउनुपर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 9–11क, pp. 5–7; Sections 37–38, p. 22
Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas
- Outdated The 2012 Act has not been brought into line with the federal Constitution, which puts provincial police administration on the provinces' list and city police on the local list. Although the Nepal Police and Province Police (Operation, Supervision and Coordination) Act 2076 was passed and Koshi, Madhesh, Bagmati and Gandaki provinces have enacted provincial police acts, the Police Act 2012 and the Police Regulations 2071 had not been amended, and their amendment was a target of the Home Administration Reform Action Plan 2078 that remained unmet. A bill to amend and consolidate the Nepal Police law, registered in the Federal Parliament in 2081, had not been passed as of FY 2081/82.सङ्घीय संविधानले प्रदेश प्रहरी प्रशासनलाई प्रदेशको र नगर प्रहरीलाई स्थानीय तहको अधिकार सूचीमा राखे पनि प्रहरी ऐन, २०१२ त्यसअनुरूप बनाइएको छैन। नेपाल प्रहरी र प्रदेश प्रहरी (कार्यसञ्चालन, सुपरिवेक्षण र समन्वय) ऐन, २०७६ जारी भई कोशी, मधेश, बागमती र गण्डकी प्रदेशले प्रदेश प्रहरी ऐन बनाइसके पनि प्रहरी ऐन, २०१२ र प्रहरी नियमावली, २०७१ संशोधन भएका छैनन्; गृह प्रशासन सुधार कार्ययोजना, २०७८ को यो लक्ष्य पूरा भएको छैन। नेपाल प्रहरीसम्बन्धी कानून संशोधन र एकीकरण गर्न बनेको विधेयक २०८१ मा सङ्घीय संसद्मा दर्ता भए पनि २०८१/८२ सम्म पारित भएको थिएन। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd Report, MoHA chapter, paras 9–10, printed p. 303; OAG 63rd Report, MoHA chapter, paras 8–9, printed pp. 264–265
Ideas to fix it
- Make the legal framework match the federal governance structure by amending the Police Act and Regulations.प्रहरी ऐन र नियमावली संशोधन गरी शासकीय संरचनाअनुसारको कानूनी व्यवस्था गर्ने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd and 63rd Annual Reports) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal
Where does it conflict with other laws?
No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.
Regulations and rules made under it
- प्रहरी नियमावली, २०७१ In force