Civil Code Procedure, 2074

What does it do?

• The Muluki Civil Procedure Code sets the rules for filing, hearing, deciding and enforcing civil cases. It lays down general principles courts must follow, including that only courts decide questions of right, that cases are heard in open court and that natural-justice principles apply, and it sets which district, high or Supreme Court has jurisdiction over which matters.मुलुकी देवानी कार्यविधि संहिताले देवानी मुद्दा दायर गर्ने, सुनुवाइ गर्ने, फैसला गर्ने र कार्यान्वयन गर्ने नियम तोक्छ। यसले अदालतले पालना गर्नुपर्ने सामान्य सिद्धान्त (जस्तै हक–बेहकको प्रश्न अदालतबाट मात्र निरूपण हुने, खुला इजलासमा सुनुवाइ हुने र प्राकृतिक न्यायको सिद्धान्त लागू हुने) र कुन विषयमा जिल्ला, उच्च वा सर्वोच्च अदालतको क्षेत्राधिकार हुने भन्ने तोक्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapters 1–3, Sections 1–27, pp. 1–10 (MoLJPA PDF); Section 268, p. 150
• It sets rules for preparing legal documents (deeds, signatures, thumbprints, details of organisations), limitation periods within which claims must be filed, and court fees based on the value of the property or claim, with penalties for underpaying fees. A plaint must state a clear claim; courts issue and serve summonses under set procedures, the defendant may file a reply and counter-claim, and the court screens filings that lack standing, are time-barred or fall outside its jurisdiction.यसले लिखत तयार गर्ने रीत (सहीछाप, ल्याप्चे, संस्थाको विवरण आदि), हकदैया रहेको हदम्यादभित्र फिराद गर्नुपर्ने व्यवस्था, र सम्पत्ति वा बिगोको मूल्यका आधारमा लाग्ने अदालती शुल्क (घटी शुल्क तिरेमा जरिवानासहित) तोक्छ। फिरादमा दाबी स्पष्ट हुनुपर्छ; अदालतले तोकिएको तरिकाले म्याद जारी र तामेल गर्छ, प्रतिवादीले प्रतिउत्तर र प्रतिदाबी पेस गर्न सक्छ, र हकदैया, हदम्याद वा क्षेत्राधिकार नभएका दाबी अदालतले छानबिन गर्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapters 4–10, Sections 28–131, pp. 11–68
• Cases go through a preliminary hearing, scheduled hearing dates, representation by agents or lawyers, interim orders, examination of documentary evidence and witnesses under oath, and then judgment; the court must give parties a chance to settle by agreement (milapatra) and may decide agreed issues directly. Rules cover adjournment and transfer of cases, appeals to higher courts, retrial and review, and restoring missed deadlines.मुद्दामा प्रारम्भिक सुनुवाइ, तारेख, वारेस वा कानून व्यवसायीमार्फत प्रतिनिधित्व, अन्तरकालीन वा अन्तरिम आदेश, लिखत प्रमाण र शपथ लिएका साक्षीको परीक्षण हुँदै फैसला हुन्छ; अदालतले पक्षहरूलाई मिलापत्र गर्ने मौका दिनुपर्छ र सहमत विषयमा सिधै फैसला गर्न सक्छ। मुद्दा मुलतवी र सार्ने, माथिल्लो अदालतमा पुनरावेदन, मुद्दा दोहोर्‍याउने र पुनरावलोकन, तथा म्याद–तारेख थमाउनेसम्बन्धी नियम पनि छन्। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapters 11–23, Sections 132–229, pp. 68–122
• Judgments are enforced by the district court concerned, including transfer and registration of property and recovery of the amount awarded (bigo), with procedures for when the debtor dies. Special rules apply to civil cases where the Government of Nepal is plaintiff or party, including how to sue the Government. Forms and schedules annexed to the Code set out standard formats for plaints, witness statements and appeals.फैसलाको कार्यान्वयन सम्बन्धित जिल्ला अदालतले गर्छ, जसमा सम्पत्तिको दाखिल खारेज र नामसारी तथा बिगो भराउने काम पर्छ, र बिगो तिर्नुपर्ने व्यक्तिको मृत्यु भएमा अपनाउने प्रक्रिया पनि छ। नेपाल सरकार वादी वा पक्ष भएका देवानी मुद्दा र नेपाल सरकारउपर नालिस दिने कार्यविधिका लागि विशेष व्यवस्था छन्। संहितासँगका अनुसूचीमा फिराद, बकपत्र र पुनरावेदनका ढाँचा तोकिएका छन्। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapters 24–26, Sections 230–267, pp. 122–149; Schedules, pp. 159–205

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

None documented in the official reports we have reviewed so far.

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.