Act

Administration of Justice Act, 2073 (2016)

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०७३ BS
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड २: अदालत तथा न्याय प्रशासन · Volume 2: Courts and Administration of Justice
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • The Act organises Nepal's three-tier court system under the 2015 Constitution, aiming at quick, cheap, accessible, impartial and accountable justice. Every district has a District Court at its headquarters with at least one district judge (more can be deployed where the workload is high, on the Judicial Council's recommendation), and every province has a High Court in its capital, which may hold temporary benches elsewhere in the province. The Act replaced the old appellate courts.मितव्ययी, छिटो, सर्वसुलभ, निष्पक्ष र जनउत्तरदायी न्यायका लागि यो ऐनले नेपालको संविधानअनुसार तीन तहको अदालत प्रणाली व्यवस्थित गरेको छ। हरेक जिल्लाको सदरमुकाममा कम्तीमा एक जिल्ला न्यायाधीश रहने जिल्ला अदालत हुन्छ (कार्यबोझ बढी भए न्याय परिषद्को सिफारिसमा थप न्यायाधीश खटाउन सकिन्छ), र हरेक प्रदेशको राजधानीमा उच्च अदालत हुन्छ, जसले प्रदेशभित्र अन्यत्र अस्थायी इजलास राख्न सक्छ। यस ऐनले साबिकका पुनरावेदन अदालत विघटन गर्‍यो। Nepal Law Commission Preamble, p. 1; Sections 3–6, pp. 2–4; Section 30, p. 22
  • District Courts hear first-instance cases of every kind in their district unless another law says otherwise, and can issue habeas corpus and injunctions to protect legal rights. High Courts hear writ petitions under Article 144 of the Constitution, first-instance cases a federal law assigns to them, and appeals from District Courts and from quasi-judicial bodies. The Supreme Court hears appeals in cases the High Court decided at first instance, cases where the High Court imposed ten or more years' imprisonment, and cases where the High Court overturned a lower decision involving more than three years' prison, a fine above Rs 500,000 or a claim above Rs 2.5 million.प्रचलित कानूनमा अन्यथा व्यवस्था नभए जिल्ला अदालतले आफ्नो जिल्लाभित्रका सबै प्रकृतिका मुद्दाको शुरु कारबाही र किनारा गर्छ, र कानूनी हक संरक्षणका लागि बन्दीप्रत्यक्षीकरण र निषेधाज्ञा जारी गर्न सक्छ। उच्च अदालतले संविधानको धारा १४४ बमोजिमका रिट, सङ्घीय कानूनले तोकेका शुरु मुद्दा, तथा जिल्ला अदालत र अर्धन्यायिक निकायका निर्णयउपर पुनरावेदन सुन्छ। उच्च अदालतले शुरु कारबाही गरेका, दश वर्ष वा बढी कैद तोकिएका, वा तीन वर्षभन्दा बढी कैद, पाँच लाखभन्दा बढी जरिबाना वा पच्चीस लाखभन्दा बढी बिगो भएका मुद्दामा तल्लो निर्णय उल्टिएका अवस्थामा सर्वोच्च अदालतमा पुनरावेदन लाग्छ। Nepal Law Commission Sections 7–9, pp. 5–7
  • Where no appeal lies, the Supreme Court may review (dohoryaai herne) a High Court judgment only on limited grounds — a serious constitutional or legal error, failure to follow Supreme Court precedent, loss of public property through improper evaluation of evidence, or cases involving children, women or people with disabilities, among others. Settlements (milapatra) remain possible even at that stage where the law allows them.पुनरावेदन नलाग्ने मुद्दामा उच्च अदालतको फैसला सर्वोच्च अदालतले सीमित आधारमा मात्र दोहोर्‍याई हेर्न सक्छ — जस्तै गम्भीर संवैधानिक वा कानूनी त्रुटि, सर्वोच्च अदालतको नजिर पालना नगरेको, प्रमाणको उचित मूल्याङ्कन नभई सरकारी वा सार्वजनिक सम्पत्ति हिनामिना भएको, वा बालबालिका, महिला वा अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिसम्बन्धी मुद्दा। कानूनले मिलापत्र हुन दिने मुद्दामा यस चरणमा पनि मिलापत्र गर्न सकिन्छ। Nepal Law Commission Sections 12–13, pp. 9–10
  • Each level of court can punish contempt — obstructing its work or defying its orders, or those of courts and judicial bodies below it — with up to one year's imprisonment, a fine of up to Rs 10,000, or both; proceedings may be suspended if the accused apologises and the court is satisfied. Higher courts inspect the work of lower courts and bodies, with particular attention to cases of people held in pre-trial detention, and may send matters for action. The Act has been amended by Some Nepal Acts Amendment Acts of 2075 and 2082 and by a 2079 Act amending criminal-law statutes.हरेक तहको अदालतले आफ्नो वा मातहतका अदालत र न्यायिक निकायको न्याय सम्पादनमा अवरोध गरेमा वा आदेशको अवज्ञा गरेमा अवहेलनामा एक वर्षसम्म कैद वा दश हजार रुपैयाँसम्म जरिबाना वा दुवै सजाय गर्न सक्छ; अभियुक्तले माफी मागी अदालत सन्तुष्ट भए कारबाही तामेलीमा राख्न सकिन्छ। माथिल्ला अदालतले मातहतका अदालत र निकायको निरीक्षण गर्छन्, विशेषगरी पुर्पक्षका लागि थुनामा रहेका व्यक्तिको मुद्दा हेर्छन्, र कारबाहीका लागि लेखी पठाउन सक्छन्। ऐनमा केही नेपाल ऐन संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७५ र २०८२ तथा फौजदारी कानूनसम्बन्धी केही ऐन संशोधन गर्ने ऐन, २०७९ ले संशोधन गरेका छन्। Nepal Law Commission Section 17, pp. 12–13; Sections 21–24, pp. 14–17; title page, p. 1

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

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