Act

Damashahi Act, 2063

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०६३ BS
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड ८: उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति · Volume 8: Industry, Commerce and Supply
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • The Act sets out how companies that cannot pay their debts, or are in financial difficulty, are restructured or wound up. It applies to companies registered under company law and to other limited-liability bodies the government names in the Nepal Gazette. Insolvency proceedings can start only by order of the court, which means the commercial bench of a court designated by the government after consulting the Supreme Court.ऋण तिर्न नसकेका वा आर्थिक कठिनाइमा परेका कम्पनीको पुनःसंरचना वा खारेजी कसरी गर्ने भन्ने व्यवस्था यो ऐनले गर्छ। यो कम्पनी कानूनअनुसार दर्ता भएका कम्पनी र नेपाल सरकारले राजपत्रमा तोकेका अन्य सीमित दायित्व भएका संगठित संस्थामा लागू हुन्छ। दामासाहीसम्बन्धी कारबाही अदालतको आदेशबाट मात्र सुरु हुन सक्छ; यहाँ ‘अदालत’ भनेको सर्वोच्च अदालतको परामर्शमा नेपाल सरकारले तोकेको अदालतको वाणिज्य इजलास हो। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Preamble and Section 2(a), (g), pp. 1–2; Section 3, p. 4
  • The company itself, creditors holding at least 10% of its total debt, shareholders holding at least 5% of its shares, or holders of at least 5% of its debentures can apply to the court. A company is presumed insolvent if its shareholders or board resolve that it is, if it fails to pay a debt within 35 days of a court order, or if it neither pays nor challenges a creditor's demand notice within 35 days. It is also insolvent if its liabilities exceed the value of its assets.कम्पनी आफैँ, कुल ऋणको कम्तीमा १० प्रतिशत ऋण दिने साहू, कम्तीमा ५ प्रतिशत शेयर लिएका शेयरधनी, वा कम्तीमा ५ प्रतिशत डिबेन्चर लिएका डिबेन्चरधनीले अदालतमा निवेदन दिन सक्छन्। शेयरधनीको साधारण सभा वा सञ्चालक समितिले दामासाहीमा परेको निर्णय गरेमा, अदालतको आदेश पाएको ३५ दिनभित्र ऋण नतिरेमा, वा साहूले ऋण चुक्ता गर्न दिएको सूचना पाएको ३५ दिनभित्र ऋण नतिरेमा वा त्यसविरुद्ध अदालत नगएमा कम्पनी दामासाहीमा परेको मानिन्छ। कम्पनीको दायित्व जायजेथाको मूल्यभन्दा बढी भएमा पनि कम्पनी दामासाहीमा परेको ठहर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Section 4(1), p. 4; Section 7, p. 7
  • Once the court orders proceedings to begin, an automatic freeze applies: without the court's permission no one may transfer the company's shares or assets, enforce judgments or security against its property, take back leased property, pay old debts, or move its funds. An investigating officer reports on whether the company should be restructured or wound up, and a restructuring manager prepares a restructuring plan that creditors vote on and the court approves.अदालतले कारबाही सुरु गर्ने आदेश दिएपछि स्वतः स्थगन लागू हुन्छ: अदालतको अनुमतिबिना कम्पनीको शेयर वा जायजेथा हस्तान्तरण गर्न, फैसला वा धितोअनुसार सम्पत्ति जायजात वा चलन गर्न, पट्टामा दिएको सम्पत्ति फिर्ता लिन, पुराना ऋण तिर्न वा कम्पनीको कोष सार्न पाइँदैन। जाँचबुझ अधिकारीले कम्पनीको पुनःसंरचना गर्ने कि खारेज गर्ने भन्ने प्रतिवेदन दिन्छ, र पुनःसंरचना व्यवस्थापकले तयार गरेको पुनःसंरचना कार्यक्रममा साहूहरूले मतदान गरी अदालतले स्वीकृत गर्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 18–19, pp. 13–15; Sections 22–28, pp. 17–23
  • If a company is wound up, a liquidator sells its assets and pays debts in a fixed order: first the costs of the interim administrator, investigating officer and restructuring manager and loans taken during the proceedings, then the liquidator's costs, then unpaid wages and then leave pay, gratuity and provident fund owed to workers (but not to directors), and finally other accepted creditors' claims. Claims in the same rank are paid in proportion if money runs short. Preferential transactions made shortly before or during the proceedings (for example within six months before they began) can be cancelled.कम्पनी खारेज भएमा लिक्विडेटरले जायजेथा बेचेर तोकिएको क्रमअनुसार दायित्व भुक्तानी गर्छ: पहिले अन्तरिम प्रशासक, जाँचबुझ अधिकारी र पुनःसंरचना व्यवस्थापकको खर्च तथा कारबाहीका बेला लिइएका ऋण, त्यसपछि लिक्विडेटरको खर्च, त्यसपछि कामदार–कर्मचारीको बाँकी ज्याला र त्यसपछि घर बिदा, बिरामी बिदा, उपदान र सञ्चयकोषबापतको रकम (सञ्चालकलाई होइन), र अन्त्यमा स्वीकृत अन्य ऋण दाबी। एउटै क्रमका दायित्व पूरा तिर्न नपुगे दामासाहीका हिसाबले बाँडिन्छ। कारबाही सुरु हुनुभन्दा ठीक अघि (जस्तै छ महिनाभित्र) वा कारबाहीका बेला गरिएका अग्राधिकारयुक्त कारोबार बदर हुन सक्छन्। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 37–40, pp. 27–28; Section 57, pp. 37–38; Sections 59–61, pp. 39–41
  • Only people licensed by the Insolvency Administration Office, which the government sets up by Gazette notice, may work as insolvency professionals (such as investigating officers, restructuring managers and liquidators). Licence holders must meet qualifications including a relevant university degree and residence in Nepal, and must renew their licence; the Office can suspend or cancel it.नेपाल सरकारले राजपत्रमा सूचना प्रकाशित गरी स्थापना गर्ने दामासाही प्रशासन कार्यालयबाट इजाजतपत्र लिएका व्यक्तिले मात्र दामासाहीसम्बन्धी व्यवसाय (जस्तै जाँचबुझ अधिकारी, पुनःसंरचना व्यवस्थापक र लिक्विडेटरको काम) गर्न पाउँछन्। इजाजतपत्र लिन सम्बन्धित विषयमा विश्वविद्यालयको उपाधि र नेपालमा बसोबास लगायतका योग्यता चाहिन्छ, इजाजतपत्र नवीकरण गर्नुपर्छ, र कार्यालयले त्यसलाई निलम्बन वा बदर गर्न सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 63–66, pp. 41–43

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Outdated The Act covers only companies and similar incorporated bodies. The High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission found that it does not provide for restructuring or settling the debts of consumers, small and medium enterprises, and other organised bodies in financial trouble.यो ऐन कम्पनी र त्यस्तै संगठित संस्थामा मात्र सीमित छ। उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोगका अनुसार यसले आर्थिक समस्यामा परेका उपभोक्ता, लघु, साना तथा मझौला उद्योग र अन्य संगठित संस्थाको दायित्व पुनःसंरचना र फर्छ्यौटलाई सम्बोधन गरेको छैन। High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance · Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal HLERC report, legal environment chapter, para 31, printed p. 92 (PDF p. 159); Act s. 2(a), p. 2

Ideas to fix it

  • Replace the Insolvency Act 2063 with a new insolvency law that draws on international good practice and covers consumers, micro, small and medium industries and other organised bodies in financial difficulty, so that they can exit quickly.दामासाही सम्बन्धी ऐन, २०६३ को सट्टा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय असल अभ्यास समेटिएको, आर्थिक समस्यामा परेका उपभोक्ता, लघु, साना तथा मझौला उद्योग र अन्य संगठित संस्थालाई समेट्ने र तिनलाई छिटो बहिर्गमन गर्न सहज बनाउने नयाँ दामासाही ऐन जारी गर्ने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.

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