- Type
- Act
- Year
- २०६३ BS
- Status
- In force
- Category
- खण्ड ८: उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति · Volume 8: Industry, Commerce and Supply
- Official text
- Official page Official text (PDF)
Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.
What does it do?
- Every company in Nepal must be registered with the Office of the Company Registrar, which must register a valid application within seven days and issue a certificate; documents can be signed and filed electronically. The Act sets out two main types: private companies and public companies. A public company must have paid-up capital of at least Rs 10 million unless another law or a Gazette notice requires more. Non-profit companies, which may not distribute profits to members, can also be set up under the Act.नेपालमा हरेक कम्पनी कम्पनी रजिष्ट्रारको कार्यालयमा दर्ता हुनुपर्छ; रीतपूर्वकको निवेदन परेको सात दिनभित्र कार्यालयले दर्ता गरी प्रमाणपत्र दिनुपर्छ, र कागजात विद्युतीय हस्ताक्षरसहित अनलाइन पेस गर्न सकिन्छ। ऐनले प्राइभेट र पब्लिक गरी दुई मुख्य किसिमका कम्पनीको व्यवस्था गरेको छ। अर्को कानून वा राजपत्रको सूचनाले बढी नतोकेसम्म पब्लिक कम्पनीको चुक्ता पुँजी कम्तीमा एक करोड रुपैयाँ हुनुपर्छ। सदस्यलाई मुनाफा बाँड्न नपाउने मुनाफा वितरण नगर्ने कम्पनी पनि यही ऐनअन्तर्गत खोल्न सकिन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 5 and 11, pp. 7, 10; Section 166, p. 133
- The Act governs how companies raise money and are run: issuing shares, debentures and prospectuses, changing capital, holding annual general meetings, appointing a board of directors (with rules on who may not serve, directors' disclosure duties and a ban on loans to officers), and appointing an auditor every year.कम्पनीले पुँजी उठाउने र सञ्चालन गर्ने तरिका यो ऐनले निर्धारण गर्छ: सेयर, डिबेन्चर र विवरणपत्र जारी गर्ने, पुँजी हेरफेर गर्ने, वार्षिक साधारण सभा गर्ने, सञ्चालक समिति गठन गर्ने (सञ्चालक हुन नसक्ने अवस्था, सञ्चालकले जानकारी दिनुपर्ने दायित्व र पदाधिकारीलाई ऋण दिन प्रतिबन्धसहित) र हरेक वर्ष लेखापरीक्षक नियुक्त गर्ने। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 23–65, pp. 21–53; Sections 76–101, pp. 62–85; Section 110, p. 92
- Each company must file its AGM decisions and audited annual accounts with the Office of the Company Registrar within the set time. Late filers pay fines that rise with paid-up capital and with each year of delay, up to Rs 20,000 a year for the largest companies; directors and officers of non-profit companies are personally liable for these fines. A 2081 amendment allowed a 90% discount on late-filing fines for documents filed by the end of Asar 2082.हरेक कम्पनीले साधारण सभाको निर्णय र लेखापरीक्षण भएको वार्षिक आर्थिक विवरण तोकिएको समयभित्र कम्पनी रजिष्ट्रारको कार्यालयमा बुझाउनुपर्छ। ढिलो बुझाउनेले चुक्ता पुँजी र ढिलाइको वर्षअनुसार बढ्दै जाने जरिवाना तिर्नुपर्छ, ठूला कम्पनीका लागि प्रतिवर्ष बढीमा रु. २०,००० सम्म; मुनाफा वितरण नगर्ने कम्पनीमा यस्तो जरिवाना सञ्चालक वा पदाधिकारीले व्यहोर्नुपर्छ। २०८१ को संशोधनले २०८२ असार मसान्तभित्र बाँकी विवरण बुझाउनेलाई ढिलाइ जरिवानामा ९० प्रतिशत छुट दिने व्यवस्था गर्यो। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal Sections 80–81, pp. 66–67; OAG 63rd Report, MoICS chapter, para 32, printed p. 190
- The Office of the Company Registrar oversees compliance and may appoint an auditor or inspector to investigate a company. Shareholders may sue on the company's behalf and inspect its accounts. Disputes and offences under the Act are handled on complaint, and a three-member Company Board (chaired by a person qualified to be a district judge) may be formed by Gazette notice until the government designates a court.कम्पनी रजिष्ट्रारको कार्यालयले ऐन पालनाको निगरानी गर्छ र आवश्यक परे कम्पनीको जाँचबुझका लागि लेखापरीक्षक वा निरीक्षक नियुक्त गर्न सक्छ। सेयरधनीले कम्पनीका तर्फबाट मुद्दा गर्न र हिसाबकिताब निरीक्षण गर्न सक्छन्। ऐनअन्तर्गतका विवाद र कसूरमा उजुरीका आधारमा कारबाही हुन्छ, र नेपाल सरकारले अदालत नतोकेसम्म जिल्ला न्यायाधीश हुन योग्य व्यक्तिको अध्यक्षतामा तीन सदस्यीय कम्पनी बोर्ड राजपत्रमा सूचना निकालेर गठन गर्न सकिन्छ। Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal Sections 113 and 122, pp. 94, 98; Sections 140 and 146, pp. 111, 116; Sections 159 and 169, pp. 125, 137
Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas
- Loophole Companies are registered with paid-up capital that is a tiny fraction of the capital they declare. In samples checked by the Auditor General, all six companies examined in FY 2080/81 had paid-up capital below 1% of their issued capital (two with issued capital of Rs 5 billion had none paid up), and ten companies examined in FY 2081/82 had Rs 47.63 billion of issued capital but only Rs 299.7 million paid up. The Auditor General said this gives no basis to be sure such companies operate as their memorandum and articles state.घोषणा गरेको पुँजीको अत्यन्त सानो अंश मात्र चुक्ता गरेर कम्पनी दर्ता भइरहेका छन्। महालेखापरीक्षकले २०८०/८१ मा नमूना जाँच गरेका ६ वटै कम्पनीको चुक्ता पुँजी जारी पुँजीको एक प्रतिशतभन्दा कम थियो (रु. ५ अर्ब जारी पुँजी भएका दुई कम्पनीको चुक्ता पुँजी शून्य), र २०८१/८२ मा जाँचिएका १० कम्पनीको जारी पुँजी रु. ४७ अर्ब ६२ करोड भए पनि चुक्ता पुँजी रु. २९ करोड ९७ लाख मात्र थियो। यस्ता कम्पनीले प्रबन्धपत्र र नियमावलीबमोजिम कारोबार गरेको सुनिश्चित हुने आधार नदेखिएको महालेखापरीक्षकले उल्लेख गरेको छ। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd Report, MoICS chapter (Office of the Company Registrar), para 30, printed p. 196; OAG 63rd Report, MoICS chapter, para 33, printed pp. 190–191
- Unclear Waivers have cut the Office's revenue. Fee waivers for new company registration and capital increases decided under the Financial Act 2080 left fee collection at Rs 633.5 million in FY 2080/81, against Rs 1.03 billion the year before, even though registrations rose 6.59%. The 2081 amendment to section 81 giving a 90% discount on late-filing fines led to Rs 2.66 billion in revenue and fines being waived in FY 2081/82.छुटका कारण कार्यालयको राजस्व घटेको छ। आर्थिक ऐन, २०८० बमोजिम नयाँ कम्पनी दर्ता र पुँजी वृद्धि शुल्क मिनाहा गर्ने निर्णयपछि २०८०/८१ मा कम्पनी दर्ता ६.५९ प्रतिशतले बढे पनि शुल्क सङ्कलन अघिल्लो वर्षको रु. १ अर्ब ३ करोडबाट घटेर रु. ६३ करोड ३५ लाखमा झर्यो। दफा ८१ मा २०८१ मा गरिएको संशोधनअनुसार ढिलाइ जरिवानामा ९० प्रतिशत छुट दिँदा २०८१/८२ मा रु. २ अर्ब ६६ करोड २२ लाख राजस्व तथा जरिवाना छुट भयो। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 62nd Report, MoICS chapter, para 29, printed pp. 195–196; OAG 63rd Report, MoICS chapter, para 32, printed p. 190; Act s. 81, p. 67
- Capacity Cases under section 159 are piling up at the Office of the Company Registrar: of 108 cases (including those carried over), 34 were settled in FY 2081/82 and 74 remained pending.दफा १५९ अन्तर्गतका मुद्दा कम्पनी रजिष्ट्रारको कार्यालयमा थुप्रिँदै छन्: अघिल्लो वर्षको बाँकीसहित १०८ मुद्दामध्ये २०८१/८२ मा ३४ फर्छ्यौट भई ७४ बाँकी रहे। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Nepal Law Commission, Government of Nepal OAG 63rd Report, MoICS chapter, para 34, printed p. 191; Act s. 159, p. 125
Ideas to fix it
- Approve company registration only when a set share of the subscribed issued capital is actually paid up.कबुल गरेको जारी सेयर पुँजीको निश्चित रकम चुक्ता हुने गरी मात्र कम्पनी दर्ताको स्वीकृति दिने व्यवस्था गर्ने। Proposed by: Office of the Auditor General (62nd and 63rd Annual Reports) Office of the Auditor General, Nepal · Office of the Auditor General, Nepal
- Amend the Company Act so that a public limited holding company wholly owned by the government can be created, bring all public enterprises under it, and take them out from under line ministries, so that they are run on business lines without political interference.सार्वजनिक संस्थानलाई राजनीतिक हस्तक्षेपबिना व्यावसायिक ढङ्गले चलाउन कम्पनी ऐनमा सरकारको एकल स्वामित्वमा पब्लिक लिमिटेड होल्डिङ कम्पनी रहन सक्ने व्यवस्था गरी सबै संस्थानलाई त्यसअन्तर्गत ल्याउने र मन्त्रालयअन्तर्गत नराख्ने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance
Where does it conflict with other laws?
No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.