English title translated by Policy Nepal for navigation. The Nepali legal text is authoritative.
- Type
- Act
- Year
- २०४४ BS
- Status
- Repealed
- Official text
- Official page Official text (PDF) Official text (PDF)
Nepali checked by an AI editor; native review pending
The explanation below cites its sources. A summary does not establish that gaps or conflicts have been fully reviewed. Corrections with supporting sources are welcome.
What does it do?
- This historical Act established a central body for waste management, pollution control and recovery of useful materials. It commenced immediately in the municipal areas of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur; extension elsewhere depended on a government Gazette notification specifying the area and date. This explanation follows the Law Commission English translation, including the first amendment of 2049, reproduced by FAOLEX. The catalogue records the Act as repealed. Its former institutions, permissions and sanctions are not current service instructions; comparison with the authoritative Nepali text remains pending.यो ऐतिहासिक ऐनले फोहोर व्यवस्थापन, प्रदूषण नियन्त्रण र उपयोगी सामग्रीको पुनःप्रयोगका लागि केन्द्रीय निकाय स्थापना गरेको थियो। काठमाडौं, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका नगरपालिका क्षेत्रमा यो तुरुन्त लागू भएको थियो; अन्य क्षेत्रमा लागू गर्न सरकारले क्षेत्र र मिति तोकी राजपत्रमा सूचना प्रकाशित गर्नुपर्थ्यो। यो व्याख्या संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय खाद्य तथा कृषि सङ्गठनको कानूनी अभिलेखमा उपलब्ध नेपाल कानून आयोगको अङ्ग्रेजी अनुवादमा आधारित छ, जसमा २०४९ को पहिलो संशोधन समावेश छ। सूचीमा ऐन खारेज भएको उल्लेख छ। पुराना निकाय, अनुमति र सजाय हालको सेवा लिने निर्देशन होइनन्; आधिकारिक नेपाली पाठसँग तुलना गर्न बाँकी छ। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Preamble; sections 1.1–1.2 and 2.1–2.2; PDF pages 1–3
- The Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre was an autonomous corporate body able to hold property and sue or be sued. Its duties included collection infrastructure, transport, disposal, recycling, compost, briquettes and biogas, harmful-waste classification, research, training and coordination with local bodies. A board governed the Centre and a government-appointed general manager administered it. These statutory duties do not demonstrate that any particular facility was built or operating.फोहोर मैला प्रबन्ध तथा श्रोत परिचालन केन्द्र सम्पत्ति राख्न र आफ्नै नाममा मुद्दा गर्न वा मुद्दा खेप्न सक्ने स्वशासित सङ्गठित संस्था थियो। यसको काममा सङ्कलन पूर्वाधार, ढुवानी, विसर्जन, पुनःप्रयोग, कम्पोस्ट, ब्रिकेट र बायोग्यास, हानिकारक फोहोरको वर्गीकरण, अनुसन्धान, तालिम र स्थानीय निकायसँग समन्वय समेटिएका थिए। सञ्चालक समितिले केन्द्रको सञ्चालन र सरकारले नियुक्त गरेको महाप्रबन्धकले प्रशासन हेर्ने व्यवस्था थियो। यी कानूनी जिम्मेवारीबाट कुनै खास संरचना बनेको वा सञ्चालन भएको पुष्टि हुँदैन। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 2.2, 3.1 and 3.3–3.6; PDF pages 3–8
- Where accumulated waste threatened public health, the Centre could order its owner or responsible institution to clean it and take it to a prescribed place. If that party could not do so and requested assistance, the Centre could arrange removal for a fee. Harmful disposal could be prohibited on public or private land. The Centre's right to manage collected waste concerned waste in designated places or its collection equipment and waste gathered through sanitation operations; it was not an unrestricted power over all privately held materials.थुप्रिएको फोहोरले जनस्वास्थ्यमा असर पार्ने देखिए केन्द्रले सम्बन्धित व्यक्ति वा संस्थालाई सफा गरी तोकिएको ठाउँमा लैजान आदेश दिन सक्थ्यो। सम्बन्धित पक्षले आफैँ गर्न नसकी सहयोग मागेमा केन्द्रले शुल्क लिएर हटाउने व्यवस्था गर्न सक्थ्यो। सार्वजनिक वा निजी ठाउँमा हानिकारक फोहोर विसर्जन गर्न रोक लगाउन सकिन्थ्यो। सङ्कलित फोहोर व्यवस्थापन गर्ने केन्द्रको अधिकार तोकिएका ठाउँ, केन्द्रको सङ्कलन साधन वा सरसफाइबाट सङ्कलित फोहोरसँग सम्बन्धित थियो; सबै निजी सामग्रीमाथिको असीमित अधिकार थिएन। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 4.2–4.4 and 4.9; PDF pages 10–12
- Collecting or managing waste discarded by others required the Centre's permission, following an inquiry into public-health effects and payment of prescribed fees. Inspection teams combined Centre staff, police and local-body employees; municipalities and village development committees had coordination and sanitation duties. Separately, a newly registered waste-related industry or enterprise had to inform the Centre within three months. That reporting duty was distinct from permission to collect or manage other people's waste.अरूले फालेको फोहोर सङ्कलन वा व्यवस्थापन गर्न जनस्वास्थ्यमा पर्ने असरको जाँच र तोकिएको दस्तुरपछि केन्द्रको अनुमति लिनुपर्थ्यो। निरीक्षण टोलीमा केन्द्रका कर्मचारी, प्रहरी र स्थानीय निकायका कर्मचारी समावेश हुन्थे; नगरपालिका र गाउँ विकास समितिलाई समन्वय तथा सरसफाइको जिम्मेवारी थियो। छुट्टै व्यवस्थाले फोहोरसँग सम्बन्धित उद्योग वा व्यवसाय दर्ता भएपछि तीन महिनाभित्र केन्द्रलाई जानकारी दिनुपर्ने बनाएको थियो। यो जानकारी दिने दायित्व र अरूको फोहोर सङ्कलन वा व्यवस्थापन गर्ने अनुमति फरक थिए। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 4.5–4.8 and 7.7A; PDF pages 11–12 and 20
- The Act prohibited littering, obstruction of collection, unlicensed waste management and careless disposal of hospital, industrial and other harmful waste. It divided enforcement between inspection officers and designated subcommittees, required receipts for paid on-the-spot fines, and prescribed an appropriate procedure. Section 5.6 described their section 5.2 decisions as final; that wording alone does not establish that constitutional judicial review was unavailable. The translation contains an inconsistent cross-reference in section 5.2.1.12, so it should not be used to reconstruct a reliable penalty table without checking the Nepali text.ऐनले जथाभावी फोहोर फाल्ने, सङ्कलनमा बाधा गर्ने, अनुमतिबिना फोहोर व्यवस्थापन गर्ने तथा अस्पताल, उद्योग र अन्य हानिकारक फोहोर लापरवाहीपूर्वक विसर्जन गर्ने काम निषेध गरेको थियो। निरीक्षण अधिकृत र तोकिएको उपसमितिबीच कारबाहीको अधिकार बाँडिएको थियो; तत्काल असुल गरिएको जरिवानाको रसिद दिन र उचित कार्यविधि अपनाउनुपर्थ्यो। दफा ५.६ ले दफा ५.२ अन्तर्गतका निर्णय अन्तिम हुने भनेको थियो; त्यसबाट मात्र संवैधानिक न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन उपलब्ध थिएन भन्न मिल्दैन। अनुवादको दफा ५.२.१.१२ मा असङ्गत दफा उल्लेख छ, त्यसैले नेपाली पाठ नजाँची यसबाट भरपर्दो सजाय तालिका बनाउन मिल्दैन। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 5.1–5.7; PDF pages 12–16, especially cross-reference on page 15
- The Centre could charge for sanitation and other services it actually provided, with rates determined from time to time. Service income, fines, government support and other receipts went into its own fund. The Act required accounts, Auditor General audit and an annual report to government after audit, covering policy implementation and progress. Borrowing from foreign sources required prior government approval, and land acquisition had to follow prevailing law. These provisions establish financial controls, not evidence of present tariffs or audited performance.केन्द्रले उपलब्ध गराएको सरसफाइ र अन्य सेवाका लागि समयसमयमा दर निर्धारण गरी शुल्क लिन सक्थ्यो। सेवा आय, जरिवाना, सरकारी सहयोग र अन्य प्राप्ति केन्द्रको आफ्नै कोषमा जम्मा हुन्थ्यो। ऐनले लेखा राख्ने, महालेखा परीक्षकबाट लेखापरीक्षण गराउने र त्यसपछि नीति कार्यान्वयन तथा प्रगति समेटिएको वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन सरकारलाई दिने व्यवस्था गरेको थियो। विदेशी स्रोतबाट ऋण लिन सरकारको पूर्वस्वीकृति चाहिन्थ्यो र जग्गा प्राप्ति प्रचलित कानूनबमोजिम हुनुपर्थ्यो। यी वित्तीय नियन्त्रणका व्यवस्था हुन्, हालको शुल्कदर वा लेखापरीक्षित कार्यसम्पादनको प्रमाण होइनन्। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 3.2.1.2, 3.2.2, 5.3–5.4, 6.1–6.2 and 7.2–7.4; PDF pages 5–6 and 16–19
- The government could delegate the Centre's waste-management powers to the concerned municipality in the specified areas. The Act also repealed the Solid Waste Management Board Formation Order 2038 and transferred the former board's assets, contracts and operations to the Centre. This transition within the 2044 Act is separate from the later repeal of the Act itself; the later transition and current division of responsibilities need their own source check.सरकारले तोकिएका क्षेत्रमा केन्द्रको फोहोर व्यवस्थापनसम्बन्धी अधिकार सम्बन्धित नगरपालिकालाई प्रत्यायोजन गर्न सक्थ्यो। ऐनले फोहोर मैला व्यवस्थापन बोर्ड गठन आदेश, २०३८ खारेज गरी पुरानो बोर्डका सम्पत्ति, सम्झौता र कामकारबाही केन्द्रमा हस्तान्तरण गरेको थियो। २०४४ को ऐनभित्रको यो सङ्क्रमण र पछि यही ऐन खारेज भएको विषय अलग हुन्; पछिल्लो सङ्क्रमण र हालको जिम्मेवारी बाँडफाँटको छुट्टै स्रोत जाँच आवश्यक छ। Nepal Law Commission English translation, reproduced by FAOLEX Source accessed 2026-10-21 Sections 7.9 and 7.12–7.13; PDF pages 20–21
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Where does it conflict with other laws?
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Page source check recorded 2026-10-21 · Check schedule pending. This records source work on this page, not confirmation of current legal force or completed legal review. Individual source dates are shown below.
How we know this
- Nepal Law Commission (नेपाल कानून आयोग)नेपाल कानून आयोग: खारेज भएका कानून (Repealed laws) — lists it as repealed Checked 2026-10-18
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