Act

Land Acquisition Act, 2034

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०३४ BS
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड ४: आन्तरिक प्रशासन · Volume 4: Internal Administration
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Includes amendments up to: 2066 BS. Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • The government may acquire land anywhere for a public purpose on payment of compensation, may acquire land for provincial and local government projects at their request and cost, and may acquire land for specified institutions (companies, NGOs and others) that bear all compensation and costs. The Chief District Officer (or a designated officer) decides on and carries out preliminary work, and a notice of acquisition is posted; landowners may object within the set time, after which the land can be taken into possession.सरकारले मुआब्जा दिएर सार्वजनिक कामका लागि जहाँसुकै जग्गा प्राप्त गर्न सक्छ, प्रदेश वा स्थानीय तहको अनुरोध र खर्चमा तिनका आयोजनाका लागि जग्गा प्राप्त गराइदिन सक्छ, र मुआब्जा तथा सबै खर्च बेहोर्ने गरी तोकिएका संस्था (कम्पनी, गैरसरकारी संस्था आदि) का लागि पनि जग्गा प्राप्त गराउन सक्छ। प्रमुख जिल्ला अधिकारी (वा तोकिएको अधिकारी) ले निर्णय र प्रारम्भिक कारबाही गर्छन्, जग्गा प्राप्तिको सूचना टाँसिन्छ; जग्गावालाले तोकिएको अवधिमा उजुरी गर्न सक्छन्, त्यसपछि जग्गा कब्जामा लिन सकिन्छ। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated official text Sections 3–12, pp. 2–8
  • Compensation is paid in cash and fixed by a committee of the Chief District Officer, the land administrator, the project chief (or an officer named by the CDO) and a representative of the municipality or rural municipality. For land acquired for government or wholly public bodies, the committee follows government guidelines and the loss of having to move home or business; for other institutions it considers the market price at the time of notice, crops and structures, and relocation losses. Land of equal value may be given instead, tenants get a share, and compensation for land above the land-ceiling is capped.मुआब्जा नगदमा दिइन्छ र प्रमुख जिल्ला अधिकारी, भूमि प्रशासक, आयोजना प्रमुख (वा प्रजिअले तोकेको अधिकृत) र सम्बन्धित गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकाको प्रतिनिधि रहेको समितिले निर्धारण गर्छ। सरकार वा पूर्ण सरकारी स्वामित्वका संस्थाका लागि प्राप्त जग्गामा सरकारको मार्गदर्शन र बसोबास वा कारोबार सार्नुपर्दाको नोक्सानी, अन्य संस्थाका लागि सूचना प्रकाशन हुँदाको चलनचल्तीको मोल, बाली र संरचना तथा सर्दाको नोक्सानी विचार गरिन्छ। मुआब्जाको सट्टा जग्गा दिन सकिन्छ, मोहीले हिस्सा पाउँछन्, र हदबन्दीभन्दा बढी जग्गाको मुआब्जा सीमित हुन्छ। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated official text Sections 13–20, pp. 8–11
  • In emergencies such as a river suddenly changing course, land may be acquired immediately; land may also be acquired by negotiation or for diplomatic missions and international organisations. Land acquired for one purpose may be used for another, unneeded land must be returned to the former owner (or may be sold), and obstructing acquisition work is an offence prosecuted by the government.नदीले एकाएक धार परिवर्तन गरेजस्ता विशेष अवस्थामा तत्काल जग्गा प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ; वार्ताद्वारा वा कूटनीतिक नियोग र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संस्थाका लागि पनि जग्गा प्राप्त गर्न सकिन्छ। एक कामका लागि लिइएको जग्गा अर्को काममा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ, आवश्यक नपरेको जग्गा साबिक जग्गावालालाई फिर्ता गर्नुपर्छ (वा बिक्री गर्न सकिन्छ), र जग्गा प्राप्तिको काममा बाधा पुर्‍याउनु सरकारवादी कसुर हो। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated official text Sections 25–35, 39–41, pp. 12–16

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Outdated The High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) notes that three Acts cover the same purpose of acquiring private property for public interest with compensation — the Compensation Act 2019, the Immovable Property Requisition Act 2013 and this Act — and that no law sets a procedure or compensation for acquiring shares, intellectual property or other intangible assets where national interest, security or public interest requires it.उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग (२०८१) का अनुसार सार्वजनिक हितका लागि निजी सम्पत्ति प्राप्त गरी क्षतिपूर्ति दिने एउटै प्रयोजनका तीनवटा ऐन — क्षतिपूर्ति ऐन, २०१९, अचल सम्पत्ति अधिग्रहण ऐन, २०१३ र यो ऐन — विद्यमान छन्, र राष्ट्रिय स्वार्थ, सुरक्षा वा सार्वजनिक हितका लागि शेयर, बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति वा अन्य अदृश्य सम्पत्ति प्राप्त गर्ने प्रक्रिया र क्षतिपूर्तिको व्यवस्था कुनै कानूनमा छैन। High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance HLERC legal reform chapter, para 9, PDF pp. 152–153 (printed pp. 85–86)

Ideas to fix it

  • The Commission recommends merging the Immovable Property Requisition Act 2013 and this Act into a new 'Private Property Acquisition Act' that also allows acquisition of intellectual property, intangible assets and ownership or shares of an entity, and recommends speeding up acquisitions that have not moved forward and compensation payments.आयोगले अचल सम्पत्ति अधिग्रहण ऐन, २०१३ र यो ऐन गाभेर बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति, अदृश्य सम्पत्ति र कुनै निकायको शेयर वा स्वामित्वसमेत अधिग्रहण गर्न सकिने नयाँ 'निजी सम्पत्ति अधिग्रहण ऐन' जारी गर्न, र अघि बढ्न नसकेका जग्गा प्राप्ति प्रक्रिया चाँडो टुंगो लगाई मुआब्जा वितरणमा तीव्रता दिन सिफारिस गरेको छ। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance

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