Act

Patent Design and Trademark Act, 2022

All laws Acts

Type
Act
Year
२०२२ BS
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड ८: उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति · Volume 8: Industry, Commerce and Supply
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF)
English translation
Official English translation archived copy: the original page is no longer online
Includes amendments up to: 2063 BS. Translations may not include later amendments. The Nepali text is the authoritative law.

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What does it do?

  • To get rights over a patent, design or trademark, a person must register it with the Department of Industry (the 'Department') by applying with the required details and fees. Once registered, no one else may copy or use it without a transfer or written licence. The Department examines applications and issues a registration certificate, and publishes registered patents in the Nepal Gazette unless they must be kept secret in the national interest.पेटेन्ट, डिजाइन वा ट्रेडमार्कमा अधिकार पाउन उद्योग विभाग ('विभाग') मा आवश्यक विवरण र दस्तुरसहित निवेदन दिई दर्ता गराउनुपर्छ। दर्ता भएपछि नामसारी वा लिखित अनुमतिबिना अरू कसैले नक्कल वा प्रयोग गर्न पाउँदैन। विभागले जाँचबुझ गरी दर्ता प्रमाणपत्र दिन्छ, र राष्ट्रिय हितका लागि गोप्य राख्नुपर्नेबाहेक दर्ता भएका पेटेन्ट नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित गर्छ। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated text Sections 3–7क, PDF pp. 3–6; Sections 16–18, PDF pp. 9–10
  • The Department must refuse a patent if it is already registered to someone else, if the applicant neither invented it nor acquired the right from the inventor, or if it would harm public health, morality or the national interest or breach Nepali law; it may cancel such a registration after giving the holder a chance to respond. Designs and trademarks are refused if they harm someone's reputation, public morality or the national interest, are already registered, or (for trademarks) could damage another mark's reputation.पहिल्यै अरूको नाममा दर्ता भएको, निवेदकले आफैँ आविष्कार नगरेको वा आविष्कारकबाट हक नपाएको, वा जनस्वास्थ्य, सदाचार, नैतिकता वा राष्ट्रिय हितमा प्रतिकूल असर पर्ने वा नेपाल कानूनविपरीत भएको पेटेन्ट विभागले दर्ता गर्दैन; दर्ता भइसकेको भए सफाइको मौका दिई बदर गर्न सक्छ। कसैको प्रतिष्ठा, सार्वजनिक सदाचार वा राष्ट्रिय हितमा असर पर्ने, पहिल्यै दर्ता भएका, वा (ट्रेडमार्कको हकमा) अर्काको ख्यातिमा धक्का पुग्ने डिजाइन र ट्रेडमार्क दर्ता हुँदैनन्। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated text Section 6, PDF pp. 4–5; Section 14, PDF p. 8; Section 18, PDF pp. 9–10
  • Using a registered trademark without permission, or using a cancelled mark, can be fined by the Department's order up to Rs 100,000 depending on the offence, and all related goods are confiscated; there are similar penalties for infringing designs. Registered designs and trademarks may be published, and anyone may object within 35 days. Anyone dissatisfied with a Department decision may appeal to the High Court within 35 days.अनुमतिबिना दर्ता भएको ट्रेडमार्क प्रयोग गरेमा वा बदर भएको ट्रेडमार्क चलाएमा विभागको आदेशले कसूरको मात्राअनुसार एक लाख रुपैयाँसम्म जरिवाना हुन सक्छ र सम्बन्धित सबै मालसामान जफत हुन्छ; डिजायन उल्लङ्घनमा पनि सजायको व्यवस्था छ। दर्ता भएका डिजायन र ट्रेडमार्क प्रकाशन गर्न सकिन्छ र ३५ दिनभित्र उजुरी दिन सकिन्छ। विभागको आदेशमा चित्त नबुझ्नेले ३५ दिनभित्र उच्च अदालतमा पुनरावेदन गर्न सक्छ। Nepal Law Commission (lawcommission.gov.np), consolidated text Section 15, PDF p. 8; Section 19, PDF p. 11; Section 21क, PDF p. 12; Section 27, PDF p. 15

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Outdated The High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission found that Nepal's law on industrial intellectual property needs strengthening, and said this has limited the growth of IP-based industries. It cited frequent complaints about counterfeit goods, businesses whose IP was misused failing to get justice, and Nepal ranking 111th of 132 countries for producing with new technology; it also noted that Nepal will lose some WTO IP concessions once it graduates from least-developed-country status.उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोगका अनुसार औद्योगिक बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति संरक्षणसम्बन्धी कानूनलाई सुदृढ बनाउनुपर्ने देखिएको र यसले त्यस्तो सम्पत्तिमा आधारित उद्योगको विकास सीमित भएको छ। बजारमा नक्कली वस्तु प्रशस्त रहेको गुनासो, बौद्धिक सम्पत्तिको दुरुपयोग भएका व्यवसायीले न्याय नपाएको, र नवीनतम प्रविधि प्रयोग गरी उत्पादन गर्ने मुलुकको सूचीमा नेपाल १३२ मध्ये १११औँ स्थानमा रहेको आयोगले उल्लेख गरेको छ; अति कम विकसित मुलुकबाट स्तरोन्नति भएपछि विश्व व्यापार संगठनअन्तर्गत पाएका सहुलियत हट्दै जाने पनि औँल्याएको छ। High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance Legal reform chapter, paras 24–25 (PDF pp. 157–158, printed pp. 90–91)
  • Outdated Patent registrations remain low: the Auditor General's performance audit of the Nepal Academy of Science and Technology noted only 86 national and international patents registered up to FY 2079/80 against a target of 500 by 2085/86, and said the Act should be updated and a new intellectual property law made so that patenting university research and individual inventions is simpler and clearer.पेटेन्ट दर्ताको सङ्ख्या अझै कम छ: नेपाल विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठानको कार्यमूलक लेखापरीक्षणमा महालेखापरीक्षकले आर्थिक वर्ष २०७९/८० सम्म राष्ट्रिय र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गरी ८६ पेटेन्ट मात्र दर्ता भएको, २०८५/८६ सम्म ५०० पुर्‍याउने लक्ष्य रहेको उल्लेख गर्दै विश्वविद्यालयका अनुसन्धान र व्यक्तिगत आविष्कारलाई पेटेन्टमा बदल्ने सरकारी प्रक्रिया सरल र स्पष्ट बनाउन यो ऐन समयसापेक्ष परिमार्जन गरी नयाँ बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति कानून बनाउनुपर्ने औँल्याएको छ। Office of the Auditor General, Nepal OAG 63rd report, performance audit of NAST, para 2 (PDF pp. 656–657, printed pp. 620–621)

Ideas to fix it

  • Merge this Act with the Copyright Act, 2059 into a new Intellectual Property Rights Protection Act that sets up a digital IP register, makes patent eligibility clear, classifies grounds for refusal, provides for injunctions as well as compensation against infringers, and requires quick decisions on applications; and join the Madrid system for trademarks and the Patent Cooperation Treaty.यो ऐन र प्रतिलिपि अधिकार ऐन, २०५९ गाभेर बौद्धिक सम्पत्तिको डिजिटल भण्डार बनाउने, पेटेन्ट हक पाउने अवस्था विवादरहित बनाउने, दर्ता अस्वीकृतिका आधार वर्गीकरण गर्ने, अतिक्रमण गर्नेबाट क्षतिपूर्ति भराउनुका साथै रोक लगाउने र दर्ता निवेदन छिटो टुङ्ग्याउने व्यवस्थासहित नयाँ 'बौद्धिक सम्पत्ति अधिकार संरक्षण ऐन' जारी गर्ने; र ट्रेडमार्कका लागि म्याड्रिड प्रणाली तथा पेटेन्ट कोअपरेसन सन्धिमा सहभागी हुने। Proposed by: High-Level Economic Reform Suggestion Commission (2081) High-Level Economic Reform Commission (उच्चस्तरीय आर्थिक सुधार सुझाव आयोग), submitted to the Ministry of Finance

Where does it conflict with other laws?

No conflict with another law is documented in the sources we have reviewed so far.

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