Act

निर्वाचन (कसूर तथा सजाय) ऐन, २०७३

Election (Offence and Punishment) Act, 2073

All laws

Type
Act
Year
२०७३ BS
Status
In force
Category
खण्ड ३: सङ्घीय संसद, राजनीतिक दल तथा निर्वाचन · Volume 3: Federal Parliament, Political Parties and Elections
Official text
Official page Official text (PDF) Official text (PDF)

Analysis drawn from official reports, court rulings and published research, each cited. Figures are being double-checked against the source documents; corrections are welcome.

What it does

  • The Act lists election offences and their penalties. Offences on polling day include misusing ballots, voting without the right or more than once, revealing votes, destroying ballots, obstructing voting, voting by non-citizens, carrying weapons and disturbing the peace. Campaign offences include undue influence, giving voters cash, gifts or feasts, character assassination, banned forms of campaigning and misuse of government staff and property.यो ऐनले निर्वाचनसम्बन्धी कसुर र तिनको सजाय तोकेको छ। मतदानका दिनका कसुरमा मतपत्रको दुरुपयोग, अधिकारबिना वा पटक-पटक मतदान, मत सार्वजनिक गर्नु, मतपत्र नष्ट गर्नु, मतदानमा बाधा, गैरनागरिकले मतदान गर्नु, हातहतियार बोक्नु र शान्ति भङ्ग गर्नु पर्छन्। प्रचारका कसुरमा अनुचित प्रभाव, मतदातालाई नगद, उपहार वा भोज दिनु, चरित्र हत्या, निषेधित प्रचार र सरकारी कर्मचारी तथा सम्पत्तिको दुरुपयोग पर्छन्। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapters 2-5, Sections 3-26 (printed pp.3-16)
  • Giving or accepting cash or goods, or holding a public feast, to influence a vote is punishable by a fine of up to Rs 50,000, up to one year in prison, or both.मतदानमा प्रभाव पार्न नगद वा जिन्सी दिनु वा लिनु, वा सार्वजनिक भोज गर्नुमा ५० हजार रुपैयाँसम्म जरिवाना वा एक वर्षसम्म कैद वा दुवै सजाय हुन्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Section 21(1)-(2) (printed pp.11-12)
  • Campaign money rules: parties and candidates may not take campaign funds from government, public or non-governmental bodies, make others pay their costs, spend more than the Commission's limit, or fund banned activities. They must file income and spending statements and publish them as the Commission directs. The Commission can fine overspenders an amount equal to what they spent. If a candidate is fined for funding banned activities and leaves the fine unpaid for six months, the Commission can bar them from elections for up to six years.प्रचार खर्चसम्बन्धी नियम: दल र उम्मेदवारले सरकारी, सार्वजनिक वा गैरसरकारी संस्थाबाट प्रचारका लागि सहयोग लिन, अरूलाई खर्च गर्न लगाउन, आयोगले तोकेको सीमाभन्दा बढी खर्च गर्न वा निषेधित काममा खर्च गर्न पाउँदैनन्। आम्दानी र खर्चको विवरण बुझाउनुपर्छ र आयोगले तोकेअनुसार सार्वजनिक गर्नुपर्छ। सीमा नाघेर खर्च गर्नेलाई आयोगले गरेको खर्च बराबरको जरिवाना गर्न सक्छ। निषेधित काममा खर्च गरेबापत भएको जरिवाना छ महिनासम्म नतिर्ने उम्मेदवारलाई आयोगले छ वर्षसम्म निर्वाचनमा अयोग्य घोषणा गर्न सक्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Chapter 6, Sections 27-31 (printed pp.16-17)
  • Enforcement: the Commission, returning officers, polling officers and monitors can impose fines on the spot, and the fines must be made public. Anyone fined can appeal to the High Court within 35 days. Serious offences are investigated by an officer the Commission names in the Gazette and prosecuted by the Government of Nepal. They are tried in courts that the government designates after consulting the Judicial Council, under summary procedure. Charges must be filed within 60 days of the offence.कार्यान्वयन: आयोग, निर्वाचन अधिकृत, मतदान अधिकृत र अनुगमनकर्ताले तत्काल जरिवाना गर्न सक्छन् र त्यो सार्वजनिक गर्नुपर्छ। जरिवानामा चित्त नबुझेमा ३५ दिनभित्र उच्च अदालतमा पुनरावेदन गर्न सकिन्छ। गम्भीर कसुरको अनुसन्धान आयोगले राजपत्रमा सूचना निकालेर तोकेको अधिकारीले गर्छ र नेपाल सरकार वादी हुन्छ। सरकारले न्याय परिषद्सँग परामर्श गरी तोकेको अदालतमा संक्षिप्त कार्यविधिअनुसार मुद्दा चल्छ। कसुर भएको ६० दिनभित्र अभियोगपत्र दायर गर्नुपर्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Sections 37, 39-42 (printed pp.20-23)
  • Election petitions: a candidate can ask the court to void an election within 15 days. Grounds include offences under Chapters 2-7, wrongly accepted or rejected nominations that changed the result, and the winner overspending or receiving illegal support. The Supreme Court's Constitutional Bench hears federal and provincial cases. The relevant High Court hears all other elections.निर्वाचन बदरको उजुरी: उम्मेदवारले १५ दिनभित्र निर्वाचन बदर गर्न अदालतमा उजुरी दिन सक्छ। आधारमा परिच्छेद २ देखि ७ का कसुर, परिणाममा असर पर्ने गरी गलत रूपमा सदर वा बदर भएको मनोनयन, र विजयी उम्मेदवारले सीमाभन्दा बढी खर्च गरेको वा गैरकानुनी सहयोग लिएको अवस्था पर्छन्। सङ्घीय संसद र प्रदेश सभाको मुद्दा सर्वोच्च अदालतको संवैधानिक इजलासले हेर्छ। अन्य निर्वाचनका मुद्दा सम्बन्धित उच्च अदालतले हेर्छ। Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Sections 41(1)-(2), 43(1)-(3) (printed pp.23-24)

Gaps, loopholes and improvement ideas

  • Not enforced Offences went largely unprosecuted in 2017. The EU Election Observation Mission reported widespread allegations of cash and in-kind gifts to voters, yet not a single prosecution for vote-buying. Only a few individuals were charged with electoral offences, from attempted ballot-box capture in Rukum West. The Commission handled complaints informally and did not impose the sanctions available, including disqualification.२०१७ मा निर्वाचन कसुरमा मुद्दा विरलै चले। युरोपेली सङ्घको निर्वाचन पर्यवेक्षण मिसनका अनुसार मतदातालाई नगद र जिन्सी बाँडिएको आरोप व्यापक थियो, तर मत किनबेचमा एउटा पनि मुद्दा चलेन। रुकुम पश्चिममा मतपेटिका कब्जा गर्ने प्रयासका केही व्यक्तिमाथि मात्र निर्वाचन कसुरको अभियोग लाग्यो। आयोगले उजुरीलाई अनौपचारिक रूपमा फछ्र्यौट गर्‍यो र अयोग्य बनाउनेसमेत उपलब्ध सजाय लगाएन। European Union Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017 Executive summary, report pp.5-6 (PDF pp.6-7); Electoral Justice A, report p.29 (PDF p.30); B, report p.30 (PDF p.31)
  • Loophole Campaign finance disclosure is weak. The EU Mission (2017) found that the Commission has no duty to publish the expense statements that parties and candidates file. Candidates and parties publish only if the Commission tells them to. The Mission found that the resulting lack of public information undermined transparency and accountability for campaign finance.निर्वाचन खर्चको सार्वजनिक जानकारी कमजोर छ। युरोपेली सङ्घको मिसन (२०१७) का अनुसार दल र उम्मेदवारले बुझाएको खर्च विवरण सार्वजनिक गर्ने दायित्व आयोगको छैन। आयोगले निर्देशन दिए मात्र उम्मेदवार र दलले आफैँ सार्वजनिक गर्छन्। यसबाट हुने सूचनाको कमीले निर्वाचन खर्चको पारदर्शिता र जवाफदेहिता कमजोर बनाएको मिसनको निष्कर्ष छ। European Union Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017 Section XI Campaign Finance, report p.21 (PDF p.22)
  • Not enforced Spending outside the campaign bank account continues. The Election Commission's 2081/82 annual report says that, although using a bank account for campaign spending is mandatory, spending through other channels has not been fully stopped.प्रचारको बैंक खाताबाहिर खर्च हुने क्रम रोकिएको छैन। निर्वाचन आयोगको २०८१/८२ को वार्षिक प्रतिवेदनअनुसार प्रचारप्रसार खर्चमा बैंक खाताको प्रयोग अनिवार्य भए पनि अन्य माध्यमबाट खर्च गर्ने प्रवृत्ति पूर्ण रूपमा अन्त्य भएको छैन। Election Commission, Nepal s.14.3, PDF p.136 (printed 116)

Ideas to fix it

  • The Election Commission and the Nepal Police should enforce the law comprehensively to end vote-buying. The Commission should use the full range of sanctions for campaign-finance violations, including for spending above the limit.मत किनबेच अन्त्य गर्न निर्वाचन आयोग र नेपाल प्रहरीले कानुन पूर्ण रूपमा लागू गर्ने। निर्वाचन खर्चसम्बन्धी उल्लङ्घनमा, सीमाभन्दा बढी खर्चसमेतमा, आयोगले कानुनले दिएका सबै सजाय प्रयोग गर्ने। Proposed by: EU Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017 European Union Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017
  • Publish parties' and candidates' income and expenditure statements on the Commission's website, and consolidate the campaign-finance rules that are now spread across several laws.दल र उम्मेदवारको आम्दानी-खर्च विवरण आयोगको वेबसाइटमा प्रकाशन गर्ने, र हाल विभिन्न कानुनमा छरिएका निर्वाचन खर्चसम्बन्धी नियमलाई एकीकृत गर्ने। Proposed by: EU Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017 European Union Election Observation Mission to Nepal 2017
  • Require every party payment to go by electronic fund transfer and fully end campaign spending outside the designated bank account. The Commission also asks Parliament to pass its proposed election-management bill, which consolidates election laws.दलका सबै भुक्तानी इलेक्ट्रोनिक फन्ड ट्रान्सफरबाट गर्ने र तोकिएको बैंक खाताबाहिरको प्रचार खर्च पूर्ण रूपमा अन्त्य गर्ने। निर्वाचन कानुन एकीकृत गर्ने आफ्नो प्रस्तावित निर्वाचन व्यवस्थापन विधेयक संसदले पारित गर्न पनि आयोगले आग्रह गरेको छ। Proposed by: Election Commission, Nepal Election Commission, Nepal
In research

Where it conflicts with other laws

Provisions that overlap or contradict other laws, or the Constitution, with the conflicting sections side by side.

Suggest an improvement or point out a loophole

Corrections & right of reply

Parties, leaders and readers may ask us to correct an error or add a documented response. Corrections are published visibly with the date and reason; no one can pay to change coverage.

The submission channel is not open yet. It will open once an editorial contact and review process are in place.